Nam Dinh

Date of Profile Completion:

January 10, 2018

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	1,652.29 km²
Sea area (km²)	8,000 km²
Coastline (km)	72 km
Major river systems (names)	Red river, Dao river, Day river, Ninh Co At the project site of Nghia Hung: Vop and Tra rivers
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	9 districts and 1 city consisted 229 communes, towns Nam Dinh city; Giao Thuy, Hai Hau, Nghia Hung, Xuan Truong, Nam Truc, Truc Ninh, Vu Ban, Y Yen, My Loc
Population (latest census)	1,836,900 (2012)
Population growth rate (latest census)	0.91% (2009)
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	Male: 48,9 %, Female: 51,1%
Average annual household income (latest census)	24.3 Mill. VDN per person
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	Agriculture - Forestry fishery: 19.0 % (2015), 15.0 % (in 2020). Construction industry accounted for 40.4 % (2015) to 2020 is 47.0 %; Services: 37 % (2015), (38%) in 2020.

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	There are 192 species of sea grass in 145 tontines Main species of mangrove are Trang (Kendelia obovata), Sú (Aegiceras corniculatum), Đâng (Rhizophora stylosa) và Vẹt dù (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), Mắm biển (Avicennia marina), Bần chua (Sonneratia caseolaris), Ô rô (Acanthus ilicifilios).
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	No information available.
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	• Floating Phytoplankton: 112 species in 43 tontine of 20 family of 6 alga branches • Zooplankton: 55 species in 40 families • Benthos and zooplankton: 154 species including marine worms, 10 legs crustaceans, molluscs and bivalves • Insects with 113 species in 50 family of 10 orders • 24 species of reptiles and 13 species of amphibians
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Rim basket snake, Stripes rim basket snake, Strip snake, Cobra, Coluber, Buffalo Cobra, Tringa guttifer, Limnodromus semipalmatus, Calidris pygmeus, Blued Pangonin bird, Larus saundersi, Chinese stork, Black-faced Spoonbill, Black Spoon stork, Grey leg Pelican, Giang sen, Thiên đường đuôi đen

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Typhoons/severe tropical storms: 4/6 storms a year Storm surges/flooding: Maximum value of 1.8m due to typhoon from sea. 3-4 river flood /year Sea level rise: 20 cm Drought: - It occurs frequently in inland districts such as My Phuc (My Loc), Quang Trung (Vu Ban), Truc Ninh. Also of note is saline water intrusion, deeply into the river.
Other natural threats and hazards	Earthquake: It occurred on 0 hour 4 April, 2006 on the sea, 100 km from Hai Hau shoreline with a reading of 4.3 Richter Coastal erosion: Whole Hai Hau and partly Giao Thuy district’s coasts are eroded seriously. The highest eroded rate is 10-20 m/year at Hai Ly, Hai Trieu communes. Sedimentation: - Wetland area in Giao Thuy of 8000 hectares is formed by alluvium sediment from red river. Wetland area of 5000 hectares in Nghia Hung is formed by alluvium sediment from Day river. Landslides: Typhoon no.5 (28/8/1990): 5490 m sea dike was broken, river bank was sliding. Lower tropical pressure (9/2003): 195 m sea revetment eroded. Typhoon No.2 (2005): 200 m of river bank is sliding; 700m of sea revetment is broken. Typhoon No.7 (2005): In Hai Hau: 12,965m of sea dike was broken; 1271m of revetment was sliding; Sea wall at Thinh Long town was destroyed and saltwater was gone to village behind the dikes. In Giao Thuy: 800m of sea dike was broken; revetment of 2613m from Tien Lang to Co Vay was thrown away. Typhoon No.2 (8/2007): Red river bank at Xuan Thanh commue, Xuan Truong district was eroded with 130m. Many locations along the rivers in My Loc, Truc Ninh were also eroded. Very severe erosion of foreshore at Hai Ly, Hai Trieu and Hai Chinh. From 1995 to now, sea dike is moved landwards 3 times with about 1 km. Alluvia ground at Giao Hai, Quat Lam was sliding partly. Ring dike to protect reclaimation land was broken totally at this section. Typhoon No.3 (7/2010) attacked directly at Nam Dinh and sea dike in Hai Hau was destroyed heavily.
Other climate/man-made hazards
Man-made threats and hazards	Hazardous chemicals and noxious substances spills: Toxic products such as anti-insect chemicals, herbicide and chemical fertilizes etc will strongly impact water and soil environment, and is a threat to biological systems and habitats. Water near shore and in river is sometimes polluted. Domestic/household sewage: Wastewater for household of 0.3 m3 to 1m3/day is directly discharged to environment causing pollution. Domestic garbage/solid waste: Waster debris and rubbish due to living activities equals 0.5 kg/person/day and is buried mainly. Industrial and hazardous waste: Very high toxic waste debris from industry, hospitals, professional villages and agricultural activities is not collected and treated. Environment is not safe yet for human and the ecosystem. Overfishing/destructive fishing: Sea fishing with very fine net or using electric shock or toxic chemicals to catch fish destructive fishing practices. Deforestation/land use: In the province, while protected, the mangrove forest is still exploited illegally. About 50% of alluvial land has no mangrove due to typhoon and sea flood. Re-forestation is not good enough due to lacking budget and institutional mechanism. Unsustainable aquaculture practices: Intensive aquaculture without water treatment forms diseases for fish, resulting in reduced productivity and production Overexploitation/destructive use of habitats (mangroves; coral reefs; seagrass): In 12 current years, mangrove area is decreased 70%. This is due to reduced resources, impacts to biology and the environment. 10 hectares of Phi lao and mangrove were destroyed, which cause severe erosion at Xuan Thuy national park. In dry season, the fresh water flows to the downstream is less, which causes the change of brackish water environment and results in reduced biodiversity. During flood season, large fresh water discharge and high rainfall, decreases salinity, killing mollusks (oysters) at Ba Lat, Day, Lach Giang and Ha Lan estuaries. Uncontrolled development of the coastline/conflicting uses: Conflicts between industrial development and environmental protection, between mangrove plantation and deforestation to make ponds for aquaculture. There also exists conflict between community benefit and group benefit ideologies. Polluted river discharges: Da Do river, Re river, and the Gia river are polluted by the domestic, hospital and factory sewage flows. The locations of Giao Huong (Giao Thuy) in Red river, Rang Dong town at Day estuary; Nghia Binh (Ninh Co river) has Clorua content and DSS is 1.5 – 6.5 times higher than usual. Overuse/multiple use of river waters: At present, there is still enough water for all demands, except during some periods in the dry season when low fresh water discharge in combination with spring tide causes saline water to intrude deeply to the rivers, impacting socio-economic activities. Polluted ground waters: In coastal areas, there is a ground water reservoir with very good quality water. However, the well system is drilled in an uncontrolled condition, so after some time, the polluted signal has appeared due to nitrate content higher than allowed limit (1.06 to 2.4 times.) Overuse/mismanagement of groundwater supplies: There are 219,072 wells are in province, but they are mismanaged. This leads to the quantity and quality of ground water to be degraded. Salt water intrusion: In 2010, spring tide was at its highest in the past 25 years, so saline water intruded much of the river. In Red river: salinity of 7.2‰ was measured at 26 km from river mouth. In Ninh Co river: salinity of 1.7‰ was measured at 37 km from river mouth In Day river: salinity of 5‰ was measured at 18km from river mouth (2006). At Ngo Dong town located on Red river, salinity observed in 2009 as: 6 ‰ (in October 2009), 23‰ (November 2009) and 26,5‰ (December 2009). Hypoxia/eutrophication of coastal waters: Occurred in aquaculture ponds and small food processing bases.

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism		X		At present, there is no established coordinate mechanism in the province. Implemented by sectors, there is no coordination board, and the regulations for ICM are not yet prepared. Section of sea and island under the provincial department of natural resources and Environment of Nam Dinh has official function for the development and management of all activities. Other department, such as DARD, DoCST, DoST, DoIaT, DoC, DoT, border Army and District people form a committee to coordinate in implementation and management according to their function.
ICM Project/Program Office		X		Vasi under MoNRE
Stakeholder Participation	X			No information available.
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan	X			No information available.
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed			X	• Building database on marine and island resources and environment and propose solutions to mitigate pollution along the Nam Ding coastline. Budget in 106 VND (Total/central government/local government): 7,500/7,500/0. Implementation: 2015-2015. Agency: Nam Dinh NoNRE, VASI, DARD, DCI, 3 coastal districts • Observation of coastal morphological evolution to define vulnerable and severe coastal sections and propose solutions to protect against erosion, adating to climate change and sea level rise. Budget 106 VND (Total/central government/local government): 5,000/5,500/0. Implemented timescale: 2011-2015. Agency: Nam Dinh DoNRE, 3 coastal districts • Survey and assess the natural conditions, resources and environment and existing exploitation and utilization of wetlands. Building up database on biodiversity and aquatic resources in Nam Dinh coastlines. Budget in 106 VND (Total/central government/local government): 10,000/10,000. Implemented time scale: 2014-2016. Agency: Nam Dinh DoNRE, DARD and 3 coastal districts. • Investigation and assess management capacity of local departments and agencies and enhanced solutions and awareness of community for utilization and protection of marine resources and environment. Budget 106 VND (Total/central government/local government): 6,500/6,500/0. Implemented timescale: 2014-2015. Agency: Nam Dinh DoNRE, concerned departments and 3 coastal districts. • Study and assess the climate change impacts to exploitation and utilization of mareine resources and environment and solutions to adapt to climate change for all local sectors. Budget 106 VND (Total/central government/local government): 5,500/5,500/0. Implemented timescale: 2014-2020. Agency: Nam Dinh DoNRE, DARD, DCST, DCI. • Building integrated observed system on resources and environment along the coastlines of Nam Dinh. Budget 106 VND (Total/central government/local government): 25,000/25,000/0. Implemented timescale: 2014-2020. Agency: Nam Dinh DoNRE, DoST, DARD, DCST, DCI and coastal districts. • Mapping on wetland, mangrove, sea grass, seaweeds and areas of biodiversity. Budget 106 VND (Total/central government/local government): 11,000/11,000/0. Implemented timescale: 2015-2020. Agency: Nam Dinh DoNRE, DoST, DARD • Study and assess fully the resources including lands, surface and ground water resources, wetlands, mangrove, wild animals and natural energies. Budget 106 VND (Total/central government/local government): 15,000/15,000/0. Implemented timescale: 2016-2020. Agency: Nam Dinh DoNRE, DoST, DARD, DCI
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X			No information available.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	• Mapping sensitive coast for oil spills • Develop and approve inter-provincial plan to respond to oil spills in the coastal of Quang Ninh - Hai Phong • Build a network of agencies to respond to oil spills at sea in coastal Quang Ninh - Hai Phong • Capacity building for staff and rescue drills in response to the oil spill. • Develop mechanisms of policy coordination in the network and network operators engaged response. • Action plan for climate change response in period 2010 – 2015 and vision 2020 is approved. • Plan for restoration of retrograded ecosystem at Nghia Hung district (reforestation of 50 hectares of mangrove) • Develop and approve provincial plan to respond to oil spills in the coasts and mapping of environmental sensitive coasts • Building comprehensive station to observe and motoring hydro-meteorological and environmental parameters at Giao Phong, Giao Thuy • Upgradation of sea dike in Giao Thuy, Hai Hau and Nghia Hung in combination with rural transportation • Rehabilitating drainage system for aquaculture ponds in Nghia Hung • Upgrading Lach Giang navigation route
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)	X			Sea use zoning and land reclamation along the coast is not yet planned.

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)			X	Nghia Hung covers 12 km of coastlines lying between 2 estuaries Ninh Co and Day metres. This is an alluvial ground, and every year the rivers provide large volumes of deposited silt, which accretes and enlarges the grounds by hundreds of meters to the sea. It is good conditions to develop sea port, navigation, fisheries and aquaculture and tourism. The alluvial ground of Nghia Hung is a buffer zone of biosphere rereserve of Red river delta approved by UNESCO. It is relatively flat with typically coastal-wetland ecosystem and great potential of biodiversity. In the Nghia Hung alluvium ground, there are 13 habitats, in which mangrove forest, alluvial ground and sand dunes are typical ones in the area. The areas outside the sea dike are fishing ponds and natural reed beach and mangrove. There are many bird species in which some species are threatened at different levels such Tringa guttifer, Limnodromus semipalmatus, Calidris pygmeus, Larus saundersi, Pelecanus philippensis, Egretta eulophotes, Threskiornis melanocephalus and Platalea minor. In 1994, there were only 41 individuals of Platalea minor and 260 Larus saundersi (Tordoff 2002). In current years, it is less information on water birds in the reservation area. Total area of biosphere reserve in red river delta is 105.558 hectares, in which 39.302 hectares belongs to 25 communes in Nghia Hung. Mangroves are a locations for all sea species to give birth and develop. It provides fishery resources with more than 500 water species of water plant and animals with high economic values, such as sea grass, crabs, shrimp, oysters, sea fishes etc.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X			No information available.
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats			X	Total area: 5290.50hectares in which cultivated land= 2896.12 hectares including; Agricultural land - 24.76 ha; Aquaculture land - 1200.88 ha; Protective forest (mangrove + others): 1670.48 ha. Non agricultural land: 777.83 ha in which; special used land: 51.24 ha; rivers + non-used surfaces: 726,59 ha; Non used land: 1616.55 ha. Above lands are assigned to manage temporarily under the Decision No. 1917/2001/QĐ-UB dated 14/9/2001 of PPC Nam Dinh, in which: • Nghia Phuc commue: 180 ha. • Nghia Thang commue: 275 ha. • Nghia Loi commue: 316 ha. • Rang Dong town: 807 ha including 584 ha behind the sea dike and 223 ha outside the dike. • Nghia Hung commue: 270 ha. • Nam Dien commue: 381 ha. • Nghia Lam commue: 457 ha. • Nghia Thanh commue: 470 ha. • Nghia Hai commue: 1.744 ha.
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X		• Protect and conserve and develop wetland resources, ecological values and biodiversity in Nghia Hung, as well as the natural, cultural, historical and development values of the coast • Stabilize the coastlines, eliminate the erosion threat, prevent storm and flood, mitigate damages caused by natural disasters in order to protect ecological systems, environment, human health and social safety • Giao Thuy DPC’s Decision No. 488 dated 16/8/2004 on alluvial ground land assignment to breed and exploit natural oysters • Establish data base on biodiversity funded by JICA
Restoration program(s)	X			Plan for restoration of retrograded ecosystem at Nghia Hung district (reforestation of 50 hecteres of mangrove)
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) o Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks o Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors o Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs o Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights	X			No information available.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)	X	No information available.
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X	No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X	No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up	X	No information available.
New or improved MPA management plan	X	No information available.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X	No information available.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)	X	No information available.
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X	No information available.
EAFM or similar management plan	X	No information available.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X	No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X	No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X	No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities	X	No information available.
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X	No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X	No information available.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X	No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X	No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management	X	No information available.
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X	No information available.
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X	No information available.

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas		X	%of households on centralized water supply: 92% in country sides, and 98% in the city. % of households without access to safe water supply: 8% in country sites and 2% in the city. % of Households on septic tanks or other on-site sanitation facility: City – 94.45%, country sites – 22.59% % of Households without access to safe sanitation: City – 5.55%, country sites – 22.59%
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices	X		No information available.
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X		No information available.

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities	X		No information available.
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community		X	• Mapping sensitive coast for oil spills • Develop and approve inter-provincial plan to respond to oil spills in the coastal of Quang Ninh - Hai Phong • Build a network of agencies to respond to oil spills at sea in coastal Quang Ninh - Hai Phong • Capacity building for staff and rescue drills in response to the oil spill. • Develop mechanisms of policy coordination in the network and network operators engaged response. • Develop and approve provincial plan to respond to oil spills in the coasts and mapping of environmental sensitive coasts • The project to collect ad treat chemicals in land in Giao Thuy funded by government • Project to collect and treat solid waste material at 5 buffer communes near by Xuan Thuy national park
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms	X		No information available.
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X		No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X		No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X		No information available.
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation	X		No information available.
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X		No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X	No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)	X	No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.

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