Nghe An

Date of Profile Completion:

January 18, 2018

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	1386 km² (coastal area); 16490.25 km² (whole province (in 2012)
Sea area (km²)	1236 km²
Coastline (km)	82 km
Major river systems (names)	Lam river: flows along the border between Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces. The river originates from Xiengkhuang plateau, Laos; 513 kkm long, with 361 km long in Vietnam territory. Watershed area is 27.200 km², of which 17.730 km² belong to Vietnam. Nghe An also has other 6 small rivers in the coastal areas, with the length under 50 km.

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	569.9 ha of mangrove forest, distributed mainly at Cua Hoi, Cua Van, Cua Lach Quen, Lach Con 688.1 ha of sand beach protection forest. About 2.167 ha of bare sand land and swamp which can be planted with mangroves
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	Coastal protected areas, locally designated: • Wetland at 6 rivulets mouths and tidal beaches • Mangrove forest at Hưng Hoa and river mouths • Coast protected forest • Sea dyke system • Tourism and recreational areas at Cua Lo, Bai Lu, Bai Hien, Dien Thanh, Quynh Phương • Ngu and Mat islands
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	Nghe An sea is the den of a variety of precious fish stocks (267 fish species, in which 62 species are economic fish (83,830 tons). Exploitation capacity is approx. 52,000 tons/year. Greater distance from the shore, greater the amount of economic fish stock. Demersal fish groups have more stable yields than pelagic fish groups. Apart from the fish resource, Nghe An sea also provides valuable marine products such as marine shrimp (20 species, shrimp stock approx. 900 tons and exploitation capacity approx. 480tons/year), squid stock (2500-3000 tons and exploitation capacity 1,500 tons/year. Other resources such as crab, shellfish, sea snake are at great amounts. Potential of marine farming in coastal areas of Nghe An is huge.
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	No information available.

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Typhoons/severe tropical storms: 67 typhoons during 31 years (1978 - 2009) affected Nghe An. Typhoons normally cause flood and storm surges leading to severe damage. Storms surges/flooding: Great and catastrophic floods often occur in La Nina years: 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004. Floods were strongest in 7/1992 and 3/1989, causing inundation at Lach Van, Lach Thơi and Cua Hoi. Sea level rise: According to MONRE climate change scenarios, when sea level rise reaches 100cm, the effected area would cover 52 communes/wards in Dien Chau, Hung Nguyen, Nghi Loc, Quynh Luu districts, Vinh city and Cua Lo town. The number of people affected would be more than 57,000. Drought: Is the third priority among disaster types, (after floods and storms) however data is currently not available.
Other natural threats and hazards	Coastal erosion: In the past years, waves, tides and sea level rises due to storms, which caused erosion at numerous sections of the coastline. 19 among 45 coastal communes have the issue of coastal erosion; the total length of eroded coastline is 24.500m. The erosion rate is between 3 and 10m/year, it could reach 18m/year at Dien Thinh beach. Particular eroded locations include: • Quynh Phuong, Quynh Bang, Quynh Luong, Quynh Minh, Quynh Nghia, Quynh Thuan, Quynh Long, Quynh Hai and Quynh Tho (Quynh Luu district) • Dien Hung, Dien Hai, Dien Thinh, Dien Kim and Dien Hai (Dien Chau district) • Nghi Hai and Nghi Yen (Nghi Loc district)
Other climate/man-made hazards
Man-made threats and hazards	Domestic garbage/solid waste: Data on domestic solid waste are available only for Vinh city; the collection amount is about 160 ton/day, collection rate: 90%. Estimate collection rate for whole province is 70% - 75 %. Industrial and hazardous waste: Industrial waste is reported only for IPs. The total amount of industrial waste is 5.140 tons, in which the hazardous waste is 0.026 tons (2009). Overfishing/destructive fishing: Use of non-permitted net, poisons in fishing. Some species decrease remarkably in number, such as Nemalalosa nasus, Hilsa reveesi, Clupanodon thrissa. Deforestation/land use: Mangrove forest and coastal protection forest destruction for shrimp farming and industrial development at Cua Hoi, Cua Van, Cua Lach Quen, Cua Lach Con and some beaches. Unsustainable aquaculture practices: Unplanned shrimp farming without appropriate environmental sanitation measures, causing diseases and death to shrimp. Overexploitation/destructive use of habitats (mangroves; coral reefs; seagrass): Mangrove forest and coastal protection forest destruction. Polluted groundwaters: Colliform is high in well water in some communes and wards of coastal districts, particularly in Dien Hong commune of Dien Chau districts. Overuse/mismanagement of groundwater supplies: Innappropriate measures in controlling the ground water exploitation. Salt water intrusion: Salt water intrusion to Ca (Lam) river has increased in the last years. For some small rivers/rivulets the dams have been constructed to protect salt water intrusion.

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism			X	ICZM project in Nghe An started in late 2011, The coordinating mechanism was established (Multi-sectoral Coordinating Committee and Project Office within DONRE) under this project. In addition, there exists a Steering committee for climate change response.
ICM Project/Program Office			X	DONRE
Stakeholder Participation		X		The participation of stakeholders is assured in accordance with the functions and tasks of agencies/organizations and the requirements of specific project activity (participation in plan development and implementation, consultation process and training activities).
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan		X		Nghe An is currently implementing a full ICM cycle (in the period 2011-2015). By the end of 2015, it needs to develop a new ICM project (new phase 2016-2020), focusing on the reviewing and realizing the action plans proposed in the Coastal strategy implementation plan, which has been approved within the Nghe An ICM project 2011-2015.
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed			X	• Coastal environmental profile • Integrated communication plan • Project monitoring and assessment mechanism • Environmental risk assessment • Coastal vulnerability assessment • Institutional assessment for coastal resource and environment management • Coastal database and IIMS • Atlas on coastal resources and environment • ICM strategy • ICM action plan • Coastal use zoning plan • Integrated environmental monitoring program The governance mechanism is appropriate; the budget was planned for 5 years (2011-2015) and is adjusted during the project implementation process.
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X			No information available.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	• Action plan on climate change response for Nghe An province, period 2011-2015 with consideration to 2020 has been developed, approved and is being implemented. • Mangrove forest planting under Red Cross Organization • Proposed activities on rehabilitation of coastal mangrove forests of Nghe An and Mat Islet conservation in the approved Coastal strategy implementation plan and Coastal use zoning plan. • Nghe An participates in the WB project on sustainable fisheries
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	Project monitoring and assessment mechanism, environmental risk assessment, coastal vulnerability assessment, coastal use zoning plan, intergrated environmental monitoring program.

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)		X	Coastal environmental profile, Institutional assessment for coastal resource and environment management, Coastal use zoning plan
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats		X	Coastal vulnerability assessment, Integrated environmental monitoring program.
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats		X	Coastal environmental profile
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	Mangrove forest planting under Red Cross Organization
Restoration program(s)		X	Mangrove forest planting under Red Cross Organization
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights	X		No information available.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)		X	Coastal protected areas, locally designated: • Wetland at 6 rivulets mouths and tidal beaches • Mangrove forest at Hưng Hoa and river mouths • Coast protected forest • Sea dyke system • Tourism and recreational areas at Cua Lo, Bai Lu, Bai Hien, Dien Thanh, Quynh Phương • Ngu and Mat islands
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X		No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X		No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up	X		No information available.
New or improved MPA management plan	X		No information available.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X		No information available.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)	X	No information available.
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X	No information available.
EAFM or similar management plan	X	No information available.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X	No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X	No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X	No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities	X	No information available.
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X	No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X	No information available.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X	No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X	No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management	X	No information available.
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X	No information available.
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X	No information available.

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas		X	% of Households on centralized water supply: Percentage of urban residents who have access to safe water is 87%; percentage of rural residents who have access to clean water is 84%.
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices	X		No information available.
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X		No information available.

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities	X	No information available.
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community	X	No information available.
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms	X	No information available.
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X	No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X	No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X	No information available.
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation	X	No information available.
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X	No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X	No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X	No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X	No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)	X	No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.

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