Batangas

Date of Profile Completion:

December 6, 2017

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	3,165.81 km² (SEPP 2012)
Sea area (km²)	No official area yet (With boundary disputes)
Coastline (km)	492 km
Major river systems (names)	The major river systems drain into 3 major bays: Batangas Bay, Balayan Bay and Tayabas Bay.
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	The province is subdivided into 4 districts, 31 municipalities and 3 cities, and has many islands including Tingloy, Isla Verde and Fortune Island.
Population (latest census)	2,377,395 (NSO 2010)
Population growth rate (latest census)	2.24% (NSO 2010)
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	101:100 1,193,497 males (50.2%); 1,183,898 females (49.8%)
Average annual household income (latest census)	P150,466 [as of 2000, PDPFP 2008-2013]
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	• Agriculture (crop farming, livestock/poultry, fisheries), 134,449 [CBMS 2009 in SEPP 2012] • Service Industry, • Mining • Tourism

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	Assignment: CTSP
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	42 MPAs (21.43 km2 or 2,143.43 hectares.) The whole length of the Pansipit River is a declared fish sanctuary.
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	Total marine fisheries production (as of 2002): 18,451 MT Species under threat of overfishing: skipjack (gulyasan), scads (hasa-hasa), lagidlid, frigate tuna (tulingan) [SEMP 2005-2020].
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Sea turtles, dolphins [SEMP 2005-2020]

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Typhoons/severe tropical storms: • 9 tropical depressions were recorded from May 2008 to June 2011. Storm surges/flooding: • Prone to flooding: Batangas City, Lipa City, Rosario, San Juan, Tanauan City, Lemery, Balayan, Lobo, Nasugbu, San Jose, Calatagan, Calaca, Taal, Talisay, Tingloy and Bauan [SEPP 2012; DRRCCA report] • Flooding in San Juan & Lobo in 2012
Other natural threats and hazards	Earthquakes: • Volcanic quake • Lubang fault Volcano: • Taal volcano: o High risk areas: Calaca, Lemery, Taal, San Luis [SEPP 2012] Coastal Erosion: • San Juan Sedimentation: • Calumpang • Palico Landslides: • Prone to flooding: Lobo, Tingloy, Batangas City, Calaca, Laurel, Bauan, Nasugbu, Talisay and Lemery [SEPP 2012]
Other climate/man-made hazards	No information available.
Man-made threats and hazards	Oilspills (from sea-based or land-based sources): • Sea-based: Pagapas Bay, Balayan Bay Hazardous chemicals and noxious substance spills: • Coal spill (Nasugbu, 2010) • Caustic soda (Bauan) Domestic/household sewage: • Batangas City (Badjao community) Domesstic garbage/solid waste: • Very high in all coastal areas Overfishing/destructive fishing: • Overfished; destructive fishing, isolated incidence. Deforestation/land use: • Deforested already; conversion of agriculture areas to residential areas. Unsustainable aquaculture practices: • Fish cages in Taal lake Overexploitation/destructive use of habitats (mangroves; coral reef;seagrass): • Present Uncontrolled development of the coastline/conflicting uses: • High in all coastal areas Land reclamation: • Moderate, all coastal areas Polluted river discharges: • High for all rivers Polluted groundwater: • Some areas water not potable [BSU 2001 study in SEMP] Salt water intrusion: • In industrial areas (Batangas City) [BSU 2001 study in SEMP] Harmful algal blooms: • Early 2000’s in Balayan Bay Hypoxia/eutrophication of coastal waters: • Present in Taal lake Invasive marine species: • Present in Taal lake (accidentally introduced species Others: • Crown of thorns outbreak – present in almost all coastal areas.

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism	X	Batangas Environmental Protection Council - MPA & Bantay Dagat Networks
ICM Project/Program Office	X	Provincial Government of Batangas (PGENRO, OPA, PDRRMC, PPDO)
Stakeholder Participation	X	DENR (CMMD, EMB), BFAR, Coastguard, PNP Maritime Group, PNP, PEMSEA, Conservation International, Malampaya Foundation, Batangas Coastal Resource Management Foundation, FirstGen, EcoFish, academe (BSU, UB, DLSL, LPU-B, UPMSI)
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan	X	Provincial Development & Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP) – 2008-2013; currently being updated (2014-2023) PDPFP ICM Plan (on going) facilitated by DENR-CMMD Coastal Land and Sea Use Management Plan (on going) facilitated by DENR-CMMD CSIP in the form of their Strategic Environment Management Plan has been legally adopted through a provincial ordinance and being implemented. In fact, the BEPC was created through the SEMP ordinance. The sustainability and scaling up of ICM is being ensured through its inclusion into higher level development plans, such as the CLWUP and sustainable financing strategies (e.g. permits, fees, etc.) at the municipal/city levels and the Executive-Legislative Agenda (ELA). Finally, strategic partnerships at both the local and national levels have been developed to sustain and enhance the effectiveness of ICM in the province.
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed	X	Approved work plan and AIP PLGU: 2013 – 450K; can tap from ENRM Program if insufficient 2014 – 450K External funding sources include: Capacity building/logistics/equipment.Directed to MLGU or network, e.g. coastal clean-ups, tree planting, reef assessments (Malampaya Foundatio), alternative livelihood (FirstGen)
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X	Resolution/approval of the plan/endorsement Update and reporting per LGU every meeting

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	• ENRM program funded by PGB • Ecosystem based adaptation project (CI-Phil) • EcoFISH (USAID, BFAR) • SCREMP (DENR) • PEMSEA SDS project (Batangas Bay Watershed Rehab Project with academe, Biodiversity Conservation) • GEF-UNDP MPAN • FirstGen assistance • Malampaya assistance • National Greening Program
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	Implementation of 42 MPAs, Coastal use zoning plan – updated CLWUP at LGU level. Ordinances (Solid Waste Management, Conservation Fees/Water Quality Sampling Monitoring Fees

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)		X	X	• SOC 2007 – in the process of updating (2008-2013) • Reef assessments • 42 locally established MPAs covering an area of 21.43 km2 • Mangrove protected area – approximately 593.28 hectares
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X			No information available.
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats	X			No information available.
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats			X	Strategic Environment Management Plan (SEMP, 2005-2020), MPA CRM/ICM Plans per LGU SEMP LGU CRM Plans
Restoration program(s)		X		MSP, CUZ, replanting
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) o Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks o Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors o Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs o Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights	X			No information available.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)			X	Presently, there are 42 MPAs in the province, covering the different key habitats. The whole length of Pansipit Tiver has also been declared as a fish sanctuary. The Taal Lake Protected Landscape was established in 1996 through Presidential Proclamation No. 906, and covers around 62,292.14 hectares. Some notable marine fauna present within the waters of the province are dolphins, sea turtles and sperm whale. In 2002, the total annual marine fisheries production was 18,451 metric tons with some target species considered under threat from overfishing. These include skipjacks, scads and tunas. Marine protected areas have been established in the province. Sites were selected mainly because of their special importance for life-history stages of species, high biological diversity and naturalness. Of the 42 MPAs in the province, less than half (47.6% or 20 MPAs) of the MPAs are at least Level 2 or Enforced in their MPA Management Rating. Six are considered Established (Level 1) while 16 more are still in the early stages of the establishment process. Some of them are actually highly functional already but lack some basic threshold indicators, e.g. no clear management body or no baseline assessment conducted. There have been many conservation/rehabilitation strategies and research implemented in the province; however, there is a strong need to consolidate and integrated the results and outcomes of these activities.
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X			No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X			No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up			X	SOC, BRAVO (Batangas Recognition for Verde Outstanding MPAs), Management Plan, MEAT See figure 1 below.
New or improved MPA management plan	X			No information available.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators		X		Decrease in violations, new species found; improving MPA conditions

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)			X	Payao; Bangus fry gathering (Calatagan, San Juan); Aquarium fishing (Batangas City: Isla Verde, Calatagan) Total marine fisheries production (as of 2002): 18,451 MT Species under threat of overfishing: skipjack (gulyasan), scads (hasa-hasa), lagidlid, frigate tuna (tulingan) [SEMP 2005-2020]
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)		X		Although quite advanced, some of the identified weaknesses during the workshop were insufficient budget for fisheries management, particularly in the Agriculture Office, and lack of political support for ICM in some areas. Moreover, even if there were trained regular staff focusing on the ICM program, they are few so there is still a lack of manpower.
EAFM or similar management plan	X			No information available.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X			No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X			No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X			No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities			X	Capacity building/logistics/equipment Directed to MLGU or network, e.g. coastal clean-ups, tree planting, reef assessments (Malampaya Foundation), alternative livelihood (FirstGen)
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X			No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development		X	X	Alternative livelihood development through FirstGen.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X			No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X			No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management	X	No information available.
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X	No information available.
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X	No information available.

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas		X	Centralized water supply: • 212,824 households with centralized water supply [SEPP 2012] Households with individualized wells: • 66,767 deep well; 26,710 artesian well [SEPP 2012] % of households without access to safe water supply: • <15% [as o f 2000, PDPFP 2008-2013] % of households on septic tanks or other on-site sanitation facility: • 85.25% (own septic tank – 338,192; based on total household of 396,465) [SEPP 2012] % of households without acess to safe sanitation: • ~14% (unsanitary or no toilet facilities – 57,273; based on total household of 396,465) [SEPP 2012]
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices	X		No information available.
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X		No information available.

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities		X	VA report, major vulnerabilities have been defined in the CCA Plan. Environmental threats from natural and man-made hazards, particularly storms, flooding, wastes and effluents and mining, remain present in the area. • Flooding, storm surge, tsunamis – coastal areas • High Poverty incidence - Balete • Badjao Community – Batangas City
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community	X		No information available.
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms	X		No information available.
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X		No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X		No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X		No information available.
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation	X		No information available.
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X		No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X	No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)	X	No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.

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