Binh Dinh Province

Date of Profile Completion:

January 4, 2018

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	6,025 km² (Binh Dinh province); 285,49 km² (Quy Nhon city)
Sea area (km²)	1,440 km² of inland waters within the baselines and the territorial area of 40,000 km²
Coastline (km)	134 km (Binh Dinh province)/ 42 km (Quy Nhon city)
Major river systems (names)	Binh Dinh Province has 04 major river: Con river, Lai Giang river, La Tinh river, Ha Thanh River; Quy Nhon City is the river downstream of Ha Thanh river and Con river.
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	Quy Nhon city, districts: Hoai Nhon, Phu My, Phu Cat, Tuy Phuoc, Tay Son, An Lao, Hoai An, Van Canh, Vinh Thanh, An Nhon town
Population (latest census)	1.486.465 people (Binh Dinh province); 280.535 people (Quy Nhon city) (statistic on April 1, 2009)
Population growth rate (latest census)	1.8% (Binh Dinh province); 1.6% (Quy Nhon city)
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	Binh Dinh province: 724.624 male (48.7%)/ 761.841 female (51.3%) Quy Nhon city: 136.085 male/144.450 female
Average annual household income (latest census)	27.311.000 VND a year
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	• Agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 1.09%. • Mining: 2.74%. • Processing and manufacturing industry: 50.08%. • Production and distribution of electricity, gas, hot water, steam and air conditioning: 1.32%. • Water supply; waste and waste water management and treatment activities: 0.81%. • Construction: 23.73%. • Wholesale and retail trade, repair of automobiles, motorcycles, and other motor vehicles: 9.45%. • Transportation, warehousing: 5.70% • Accommodation services and catering: 1.45%. • Information and communication: 0.05%. • Financial operations, banking and insurance: 0.25%. • Real estate: 0.25%. • Professional, science and technology activities: 2.01%. • Administrative operating and supporting services: 0.75%. • Education and training: 0.10%. • Health and social relief operations: 0,11%. • Arts, entertainment and recreation: 0.11%. • Other service activities: 0.01%.

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	1. Mangroves Binh Dinh is a coastal province in South Central, has a coastline of 134km. This region is favorable for the growth and development of the mangrove forest and its ecosystem. Previously, the mangroves grew naturally in the lagoons, estuaries and coastal areas, although the area is not large and not focused, but it also plays a significant role in the ecosystem coastal states. However, in recent years, due to the economic development, many mangrove forests are cleared and transferred to aquaculture. Currently, concentrated mangroves are 70ha, including: Phuoc Son Commune, Tuy Phuoc district: 50 ha of mangrove forest; Quy Nhon City: 20ha (Dong Da Ward: 12-hectare mangrove forest, Nhon Binh Ward: 8 ha mangrove). In planning mangroves Binh Dinh province from 2010 to 2020, there is 391.4 ha of new planting and protecting mangrove 461.4 ha (current 70 ha plus 391.4 hectares of new planting) in 4 districts, city: Phu My, Phu Cat, Tuy Phuoc district and Quy Nhon city. 2. Coral Binh Dinh Province in 2005 recorded an average coverage of the entire hard coral as 40.6 %, with some advanced species like Acropora, Montipora, Porites, Millepora and Heliopora. Acropora corals are the most common components; the average coverage accounted for more than 20% on each reef point, with some points reaching 76.9 % (West Cu Lao Xanh ) . Montipora accounted for 60 % coverage at some points (Ganh Nhon Ly.) Porites: from 5.9 to 17.1 % mainly in the deep Hon Dun, Ganh Nhon Ly, Hon Kho Nho and Western South Cu Lao Xanh. Millepora; 8.8 to 10 %. Heliopora; 2.3 to 20.6 % mainly at Hon Kho Nho, Hon Kho Lon and Western South Cu Lao Xanh. According to English and CTV Analysis Standard (1997) 44.5% of coral reefs are poor quality. This suggests that coral reefs inshore waters of Binh Dinh Province are under serious threat.
	Evaluation results also show that soft corals make up a small percentage of the coverage in the bottom of the reef, and is mainly concentrated in Hon Tranh, Hon Dun and Cu Lao Xanh island coverage with the highest value at West Cu Lao Xanh (4.6%). Coral reefs in the South and West Hon Ngang, Hon Kho Lon have the lowest hard coral cover (about 10%), while the dead coral framework and coral debris snapped accounted for a large percentage of coverage on reef bottoms compared to other reef sites in the region. 3. Seaweeds According to survey, analysis results of types of samples collected in the area Cu Lao Xanh - Hon Dat – Hon Kho, Quy Nhon city, there are 61 species of seaweed under 4 sectors: rong Lam (Cyanophyta), rong Nau (Phaeophyta), rong Do (Rhodophyta) and rong Luc (Chlorophyta) were recorded. In which, Cyanophyta has 3 species (representing 4.9%), Rhodophyta has 30 species (accounting for 49.1%), Phaeophyta has 13 species (representing 21.3%), Chlorophyta has 15 species (representing 24.7%). Special seaweeds have economic value as: Rong Cau chan vit (Gracilaria eucheumoides), Rong Cau rễ tre (Gelediella acerosa), rong Dong (Hypnea pannosa), rong Mo (Sargassum spp.) 4. Reef fish According to survey results of the reefs in the area of Cu Lao Xanh - Hon Dat – Hon Kho, Quy Nhon City, there are identified 111 species belonging to 61 genus and 34 families. Thia fish family (Pomacentridae) accounts for 19 species, (17,11%), Bang Chai fish family (Labridae) followed by 17 species (15.31%), Buom fish family (Chaetodontidae) has 10 species (9%), Duoi Gai fish family (Acanthuridae) has 10 species (9%). These fish family above have abundant, common species, in large numbers in the section (transect).
	In addition, Mu fish family (Serranidae) has 5 species (4.5%), Hong fish family (Lutjanidae) has 4 species (3.6%), Dia fish family (Siganidae) has 4 species (3.6% ), the rest families have from 1-3 species. Fish families which have more than 10 species are Buom fish, Thia fish, Bang Chai fish and Duoi Gai fish, account 50.45% of total species. Distribution Characteristics: - Hon Dat area there is appearance of large numbers of Mu fish family (Serranidae), Thia fish family (Pomacentridae), Bang Chai fish family (Labridae), Duoi Gai fish family (Acanthuridae). - Nhon Hai area also has familiar appearance of fish with Hon Dat area but some different, there is a special "stone dyke" inshore so that Thia fish family (Pomacentridae) and Bang Chai fish family (Labridae) appear with large number. - The area of Cu Lao Xanh has more species with larger number. Number of the species in the Buom Fish (Chaetodontidae), Thia fish (Pomacentridae) and Bang Chai fish family (Labridae) is higher than at Hon Dat and Nhon Hai.
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	So far, Binh Dinh province hasn’t built any marine and coastal protected areas. There is only Tra O lagoon inland water reservation area. The province has established an MPA in Nhon Chau, Quy Nhon city.
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	• The majority of coral reefs in the group 1-10 cm size and density of fish in this group accounted for 70% of the number of individuals in reef fish communities. • Fish group has 11-20 cm size accounted for 26.7%, whereas fish groups has size> 20 cm accounted for a tiny fraction of the density (1%), are Mom ong fish (Fistularia commersonii) lao fish (aulostomus chinensis.) • The fish groups have higher value and higher size as Mu, Hong, Kem, Cam, He fish are rarely seen in the reef waters areas of Quy Nhon., except 1 to 2 individuals with 21-30 cm size belongs to Mu fish Plectropomus Leopardus are caught in Southern west Cu Lao Xanh . • Density of terrestrial molluscs individuals are very poor, ranging from 1.5 (South Hon Ngang) to 23 individuals (West Cu Lao Xanh), average 7.3 individuals/400m2, in which, oc san ho (Coralliophila neritoidea) has the highest species density. Trai tai tuong are also recorded as 3 species: Tridacna crocea, Tridacna squamosa with average density of 1.8 con/400 m2. • Lobster Panulirus spp., Hai sam Holothuria spp. And Cau gai so dua Tripneustes gratilla are almost absent on most reefs.
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Mangroves and coral reefs

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Typhoons/severe tropical storms: Storm in Quy Nhon increases coastal erosion and affects the coastal zone as in Nhon Ly, Nhon Hai, Nhon Chau commune and Hai Cang, Ghenh Rang, Tran Phu, Nguyen Van Cu ward. Storm causes heavy rains, flooding, and strong winds (affecting 11 wards and communes), and the risk of sanitary wastes by diffusion through floods everywhere. In 2009, Marinare storm caused major damage to the city, especially the historical cause flooding downstream Ha Thanh river’s wards. In 2013, storms No.1 (10/2013), No. 15 (11/2013) caused rain in Binh Dinh. Storm surges/flooding: Flooding at Quy Nhon is due to heavy rain and / or high tides, or their combination makes flooding more serious (in terms of time and depth of flood). Sea level rise and increased storms make risk of flood increases in Quy Nhon. Rising sea level: The city area is prone to flooding: 1.4 km² in 2020; 1.48 km² in 2050; 2.81 km² in 2070 and 8.4 km² in 2100. Affected areas are low-lying terrain of Nhon Binh, Nhon Phu, Quang Trung commune and a part of Phuong Mai Peninsula. All the inundated areas are affected by Quy Nhon Bay’s tidal regime. Drought: Drought and hot dry western winds will come from the early beginning of May and lasts in periods from 7-9 days, there was the phenomenon of prolonged sun throughout the month (28 days of May 2005), in 2012, drought caused damage across the whole province.
Other natural threats and hazards	Coastal erosion: Sea levels rise, more powerful storms combined with large waves caused by the storm will increase the risk of coastal erosion, affect households and tourism sites along the coast. Sedimentation: Floods have caused sediment, water down at infield area, brings difficulties for rice planting. Landslides: Only rainy season in 2008, 25 520 m river and sea dykes and residential areas along rivers and streams, and shoreline erosion were broken in, which led to some parts being broken and eroded many times.
Other climate/man-made hazards
Man-made threats and hazards	Oil Spills: • Binh Dinh: 66 tons (in the early of March, 2007, along the coast of Cat Hai Commune, Phu Cat District, Nhon Ly Commune and Nhon Chau Commune, Quy Nhon City), approximate 100 tons (in May, 2009, along the coast of Phu Cat District and Hoai Nhon), • Quy Nhon: approximate 100 tons (in the early of July, 2003, along the coast of Hai Cang commune, Quy Nhon city) Hazardous chemicals and noxious substance spills: • Total of medical wastes arising: 700 tons/year (2012) • Total of pesticide and fertilizer, approximate 345 tons/year (2010) Domestic garbage/solid waste: Urban solid domestic waste: approximate 307 tons/day (2012) Quy Nhon: 200 tons/day (2009) Industrial and hazardous waste: Total industrial CTR to be collected is about 810 tons/day (2012) Overfishing/destructive fishing: Capacity of mollusk decreases 67%, shrimp decreases over 65%, fish decreases 47%, flower crab – crab decreases 25% (2007) Deforestation/land use: From 1991-2003, total forest areas deforested up to 2.713,2 ha; In 1995, in the Southwest of Vinh Thanh, near by Kbang district, Gia Lai province, people destroyed 45ha of watershed forest protection functions to plant coffee; Area of land use in 2012 (ha): 1. Agriculture: 442.939,16 2. Non-agriculture: 70.373,36 3. Unused: 91.745,05 4. Urban: 28.007,51 5. Rural locality: 33.353,89 Overexploitation/destructive use of habitats (mangroves; coral reefs; sea grass): Poaching/ trawling by commercial fishing vessels in municipal waters Polluted river discharges: Content of BOD5 ¬ (mg/l) in Ha Thanh river (2010): • Watershed, Van Canh: 7 • Dieu Tri bridge, Tuy Phươc: 18.7 • Doi bridge, Quy Nhon: 17.8 Content of BOD5 (mg/l) in Kon river (2010): • Watershed, Vinh Thanh: 9.7 • Kien My bridge, Tay Son: 11.2 • Dap Da, Quy Nhon: 20.4 Polluted groundwater: Content of pH (2010): • Residential area near by the North of Phu Tai industrial zone: 5.7 • Residential area near by Long My waste treatment area: 5.5 • Residential area in Ngo May town: 5.9 Salt water intrusion: In 2003 and 2005, prolonged drought made plain area of Ha Thanh river basin increased salinity level up to 15.38 %. Nhon Binh ward, Quy Nhon recorded a salinity level up to 24.2 % Land subsidence: Recorded in the northwest area of the city (Nhon Binh Ward), causing damage to buildings and houses. Invasive marine Species: Red-eared turtle

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism	X		ICM activity had not been actually conducted and the coordinating mechanism not functioned yet. In consequence, Binh Dinh has not yet developed its coastal strategy/action plan for the province or any area within the province territory.
ICM Project/Program Office		X	Sub-Department of Sea and Islands Binh Dinh Province Office for the Coordination of climate change Binh Dinh province (CCCO)
Stakeholder Participation	X		As the coordinating mechanism does not actually exist, the participation of the stakeholders in the process of plan development and implementation is still inadequate.
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan	X		Binh Dinh has not yet developed its coastal strategy/action plan for the province or any area within the province territory.
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed		X	• The project "Development of irrigation infrastructure of Binh Dinh province" • The project to renovate and upgrade Highway 19 • Drainage Project and combat flooding in mid-sized coastal cities (GIZ); • Environmental Sanitation Project coastal cities (WB); • Flooding Risk Reduction Project for residents of downstream Thanh Ha, Kon river, Quy Nhon City. • Upgrade project of Dong dyke and mangrove plantation (National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change).
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X		No information available.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification		X		• The master plan of socio -economic development of Binh Dinh province vision to 2020; • 5 year Socio-Economic Development Plan and Annual Socio-Economic Development Plan of Binh Dinh province and Quy Nhon city Action Plan for responding to climate change of Binh Dinh province; • Planning and Flood Prevention and Search and Secure of Binh Dinh Province and Quy Nhon city; • Action plan for climate change adaptation Quy Nhon city; • Response plan for oil spills in the province of Binh Dinh; • Regulation disaster warning of Binh Dinh province • Project Integrated Coastal Management (implementation of Decision 158 of the Prime Minister); • Project Coastal Benefits for Sustainable Development (CRSD); • Drainage Project and combat flooding in mid-sized coastal cities (GIZ). • Environmental Sanitation Project coastal cities (WB); • Network of Asian cities resilient to climate change (ACCCRN); • National Target Program to Respond to Climate Change.
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)	X			ICM tools, such as the State of the Coasts or related monitoring and reporting system, coastal use zoning, integrated environmental monitoring, IIMS and integrated communication plan have not been developed. Instead, some activities, more related to survey, assessment and issue identification for De Gi lagoon (the other lagoon, at about 25 km from the Thi Nai lagoon to the North) were conducted. Land usage planning of Binh Dinh province and Quy Nhon city

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)	X	No information available.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X	No information available.
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats	X	No information available.
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats	X	No information available.
Restoration program(s)	X	No information available.
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights	X	No information available.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)	X	Binh Dinh province hasn’t built any marine and coastal protected areas. There is only Tra O lagoon inland water reservation area. The province has established an MPA in Nhon Chau, Quy Nhon city.
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X	No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X	No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up	X	No information available.
New or improved MPA management plan	X	No information available.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X	No information available.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)	X		No information available.
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X		No information available.
EAFM or similar management plan		X	There exists co-management model for fisheries resources protection and destructive fishing reduction in De Gi lagoon.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X		No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X		No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X		No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities	X		No information available.
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X		No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X		No information available.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X		No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X		No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X		No information available.
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management		X	Coastal City Sanitation Project (WB has approved the project budget of 124.7 mil. USD) for three cities in Central coastal region, including Nha Trang (Khanh Hoa province) Quy Nhon (Binh Dinh province) and Dong Hoi (Quang Binh province). Reduction of risk from natural disasters; climate change preparedness and response (convergent with Climate Change Response Plan for Binh Dinh province, under Rockefeller Fund Project). The water supply plant of 12,000 m3/day capacity is being constructed for Nhon Hoi economic zone. Project on water supply with the 21,300 m3/day capacity for 9 towns in the province is being finalized. Environmental Sanitation Project coastal cities (WB);
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X		No information available.
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X		No information available.

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas	X	No information available.
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices	X	No information available.
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X	No information available.

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities	X		No information available.
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community		X	Action Plan for responding to climate change of Binh Dinh province; Planning and Flood Prevention and Search and Secure of Binh Dinh Province and Quy Nhon city; Action plan for climate change adaptation Quy Nhon city; Response plan for oil spills in the province of Binh Dinh; The project "Development of irrigation infrastructure of Binh Dinh province" Drainage Project and combat flooding in mid-sized coastal cities (GIZ); Environmental Sanitation Project coastal cities (WB); Flooding Risk Reduction Project for residents of downstream Thanh Ha, Kon river, Quy Nhon City.
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms	X		No information available.
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X		No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X		No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X		No information available.
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation	X		No information available.
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X		No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X	No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)	X	No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.

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