Cavite

Date of Profile Completion:

December 12, 2017

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	1,427.06 km²
Sea area (km²)	936.79 km²
Coastline (km)	122.574 km
Major river systems (names)	1. Maragondon 2. Labac 3. Cañas 4. San Juan 5. Bacoor 6. Imus
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	1st District • Cavite City – 84 barangays • Kawit – 23 barangays • Noveleta – 16 barangays • Rosario – 20 barangays 2nd District • Bacoor – 73 barangays 3rd District • Imus – 97 barangays 4th District • City of Dasmariñas – 75 barangays 5th District • Carmona – 14 barangays • Silang - 64 barangays • Gen. M. Alvarez – 27 barangays 6th District • Trece Martires City – 13 barangays • Amadeo – 26 barangays • Gen. Trias – 33 barangays • Tanza – 41 barangays 7th District • Tagaytay City – 34 barangays • Alfonso – 32 barangays • Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo – 14 barangays • Indang – 36 barangays • Magallanes – 16 barangays • Maragondon – 27 barangays • Mendez – 24 barangays • Naic – 30 barangays • Ternate – 10 barangays
Population (latest census)	3,090,691 (2010 census)
Population growth rate (latest census)	4.12% (2010 census)
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	No information available.
Average annual household income (latest census)	4.78
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	Level of employment by economic sector – 4.4% • Agriculture • Crop production • Fisheries • Livestock and poultry production • Agrarian reform • Industrial estates and economic zones (manufacturing) • Tourism

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	Data under PPDO, DENR-PENRO and MENROs
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	Data under PPDO, DENR-PENRO and MENROs
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	Data under OPA
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Data under OPA and DA-BFAR

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Data under DRRM Contingency Plan
Other natural threats and hazards	Data under DRRM Contingency Plan
Other climate/man-made hazards	Data under DRRM Contingency Plan
Man-made threats and hazards	Oil spills (from sea-based or land-based sources), • Data c/o PG-ENRO regarding Petron Rosario Oil Spill incident Hazardous chemicals and noxious substance spills • Data Under LGU and SPS-PG-ENRO Domestic/household sewage • Data under MENROs and SWM Division of PG-ENRO Domestic garbage/solid waste • Data under MENROs and SWM Division of PG-ENRO Industrial and hazardous waste • Data under MENROs and SWM Division of PG-ENRO Overfishing/destructive fishing • Data under EPOD-COPS and OPA Deforestation/land use • Data under PAMB for Mt. Palay-palay Mataas na Gulod National Park Overexploitation/destructive use of habitats (mangroves; coral reefs; seagrass) • Data under PG-ENRO and OPA Uncontrolled development of the coastline/conflicting uses • Data under PG-ENRO and OPA Land reclamation • Data under PPDO Polluted river discharges • Data under PG-ENRO and MENRO Overuse/multiple use of river waters • Data under PG-ENRO and MENRO Overuse/mismanagement of groundwater supplies • CIWMP and on-going study of ICM Division for the Ground water extraction of Water Refilling Stations in Cavite Saltwater intrusion • Draft Coastal Strategy and Hazard maps of PPDO Harmful Algal blooms • Data under OPA

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism		X	• Provincial ICM Council until LGU level • Included in EO 2003 during the creation of ICM division
ICM Project/Program Office		X	• At the provincial, and at the LGU level (at least a person) • PG-ENRO (2008) - land management (quarry operations), ICM, solid waste management, administrative section, ECOaide (100+ people) • Special project section - demolish, river survey • At local level: designated MENROs or MAO - designated focal persons
Stakeholder Participation		X	• There is no EO for LGUs, only for the provincial government • Need to reorganize. • ICM was adapted by LGUs but there is no legal basis or EO at the local level. • Governor for the provincial government and local executives/mayors for the LGUs
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan		X	The coordinating mechanism reviews the work plans and budgets for CSIP implementation during quarterly meetings. Minutes of the meeting are recorded and a report generated on a quarterly basis detailing recommendations from the coordinating mechanism regarding improving the implementation of the CSIP.
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed		X	• ICM training (local and regional) • IIMS (Integrated information management system) - PEMSEA • Coastal and land sea-use zoning • Oil spill contingency plan and response • Coastal Strategy Development • SOC • An annual work plan and budget has been in development since 2003 it was incorporated in the PG-ENRO annual budget • AIP 5% of the DRM Plan • Enforcement: PG-COPS (2010)
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X		SOC report is currently ongoing (as of Sept 2013) Regular meetings of the ICM and LGUs has been adopted by the local government, and an SOC report is proposed to be prepared quarterly. Data interpretation and training on the use of analysis have yet to be covered, however.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	ICM, Oil spill contingency plan, SOC in progress, Coastal Zoning plan, established reef fish sanctuaries (177 hectares), research on mangroves and sea turtles are ongoing, Cavite River Rehabilitation project
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	Zoning laws, MPAs, Improvement of navigation along the coasts (coding system for boats), etc.

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)	X		No information available.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X		No information available.
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats	X		No information available.
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	Research on mangroves and sea turtles are ongoing, Cavite River Rehabilitation project Local ordinances have been passed on Providing for sustainable management, development, and conservation of municipal waters (e.g. Ternate, Ordinance No. 2, 2011)
Restoration program(s)	X		No information available.
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights		X	Increase in the aggregate area of mangroves due to the joint awareness programs and mangrove planting projects conducted by the coastal communities and the province

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)	X	No information available.
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X	No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X	No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up	X	No information available.
New or improved MPA management plan	X	No information available.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X	No information available.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)	X	No information available.
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X	No information available.
EAFM or similar management plan	X	No information available.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X	No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X	No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X	No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities	X	Ban on plastics has been implemented However, there is a lack of alternative livelihood projects for people along the coasts who are affected by coastal management programs
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X	No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X	No information available.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X	No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X	No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X	X	• Monthly monitoring of DENR EMB - region 4 - nutrient loading, water quality, etc. • Profiling assessment • PDPFP (2011-2020) • This is indicated in the solid waste management plan but determination of volume is a problem • Wastewater treatment plans - for government are not available • Industries - maps are available • PEZA/EPZA • Industries outside of zones are also listed • Pollution source - data has not been looked at • Data for local farms, etc available (by LGUs, submitted directly to DILG) • Permits given by LGUs • Pollution loading by DENR and EMB - function of ability to monitor - information may be scarce • Wastewater treatment - MAYNILAD • LWUA
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management		X	• In compliance with SC Mandamus • Clean water act • Proposed WQMA • Ongoing ordinance for septage management • 10 yr solid waste management plan - including establishment of LGU MRF • Relocation sites for about 5000 families (former informal settlers)
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas		X	• Included in the CIWMP • Classification from WAQMA • DAO AO 2013 • Identification for 6 rivers River water quality: • monitored by DENR EMB Coastal water quality: • BFAR and DENR EMB • At PEMO - for monitoring coastal areas - under DENR - basic parameters - ongoing • Provincial environmental management office • BFAR for Redtide related announcements
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X		Aims to reduce nutrient loading by: • Dismantling of fishpens (2008) • Meeting this year regarding fishpens as obstructions to navigation • Address open dumpsites Reduced solid waste discharge into water bodies by: • Relocation • Address open dumpsites • Plastic ordinance

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas		X	• CIWMP, SEPP, LWUA • Licensing is from water resources board (not at provincial level) • Some information is available
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices		X	The program intends to include measurable targets for pollutant reduction/water conservation/protection in its future plans.
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X		No information available.

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities			X	• PDPFP • Hazard profiling • Contingency plan • Risk and vulnerability assessment
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community			X	Contingency plan for hydrometeorological hazards - being reviewed - in partnership with the OCD 4A ICM, Oil spill contingency plan, SOC in progress, Coastal Zoning plan, established reef fish sanctuaries (177 hectares), research on mangroves and sea turtles are ongoing, Cavite River Rehabilitation project
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms		X		DRRM Contingency Plan
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X			No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X			No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X			No information available.
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation			X	Identified case studies: • Cocomatting - japanese technology - Under DENR - stabilization of river banks • Aquaculture - demo farms - looking at nutrient reduction using shellfish • At Imus in partnership with cleanway technology: Bricket making - plastics, made into hollow blocks - sold to private sector • Trash boats
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X			No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X			No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X			No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)				No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects				No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)				No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments				No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments				No information available.

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