Dili

Date of Profile Completion:

January 2018

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	368.12 km (Source: Dili Em Numeros – Estatistica Municipio de Dili 2015)
Sea area (km²)
Coastline (km)	142.75 km [83.3 (mainland Dili) 2 and 59.45 km (Atauro Island)]
Major river systems (names)	Comoro River; 212 km
Total number of coastal cities/municipalities	Dili and 6 subdistricts, namely Nain Feto, Vera Cruz, Dom Aleixo, Cristo Rei, Metinaro (all coastal) and Atauro Island
Population (latest census)	277,279 (2015)
Population growth rate (latest census)	1.55% (2015)
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	Dili: 143,677 of total population are male and 133,602 are female; sex ratio is 107.5 (2015)
Average annual household income (latest census)
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	The proportion of Timor-Leste’s working-age population (15–64 years of age) that is employed, expressed as a percentage Employment Rate (2015) Total 40.7 Male 47.8 Female 31.1 Number of households engaged in livestock and crops production Sub-Municipality, Household(HH), HH in Livestock production (%), HH in Crop production (%): Atauro: 1,748, 96.6, 93.7 Cristu Rai: 8,878, 67.8, 39.6 Don Alexio: 20,579, 50.2, 18.9 Metinaro: 846, 92.4, 91.5 Nain Feto: 4,899, 57.4, 21.2 Vera Ceuz: 5,535, 50.8, 23.2
	Sources: - Dili Em Numeros – Estatistica Municipio de Dili 2015 - State of the Coasts of Dili Municipality (draft, 2017) - Measured through Google Earth Pro 2018) - 2015 Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census - Data Sheet - NDS and UNFPA, 2015

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	• The north coast of Timor-Leste has very few coral reef, seagrass and mangrove habitats. Total mangrove cover is small and confined mainly to the region between Tibar (Liquica) and Manatuto. The small and few patches of coral reef on the north coast of Timor-Leste impose strong limitations on available marine resources and levels of harvest, particularly in the case of reef fish (Marine and Coastal Habitat Mapping in Timor-Leste North Coast, 2009). Tasitolu, Hera and Metinaro (all in Dili District) are part of a coastal wetlands network of mudflats and mangrove habitats. • In a Marine Rapid Assessment (MRAP) conducted by the Conservation International (CI) in 2012 that covered areas in the Nino Konis Santana (NKS) National Park, 4 areas near Dili and 4 areas in Atauro Island showed very high reef fish biodiversity of Timor-Leste’s coral reefs, especially in the Belio Barrier Reef in Atauro Island. The study also reported relatively low levels of recent injury to the corals and lack of evidence of past or recent large-scale high temperature bleaching-induced coral mortality around Timor-Leste, which is consistent with the presence of cool waters in most sites. The study recommended further survey work in Atauro Island and other areas in the country, broader zonation system at the NKS National Park and establishment of an MPA at Atauro Island (as a priority), noting the potential for development of marine tourism along with MPA implementation in collaboration with local communities. The study also recommended improvement of watershed management for catchments leading to coastal reef areas close to Dili, which are showing signs of sedimentation stress due to erosion from the watershed areas. • The results of another MRAP conducted by CI in Atauro Island in 2016 are presented in a succeeding table on the MPA in Atauro Vila.
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	An MPA in in Atauro Vila in Atauro Island was formally declared on February 2015 by the issuance of Ministerial Order Number 6/GM/I/2015. The habitat classification map of the MPA is shown in Annex 1. MPA establishment is ongoing in three other areas in Atauro Island.
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	Total production of small-scale fishing is 2, 670,086.4 kg with a value of USD 6, 675,216 (2015), while the total production of aquaculture from freshwater and brackish water is 7,623 kg with value USD 39,318
	Sources: - State of the Coasts of Dili Municipality (draft, 2017) - Unpublished Primary and Secondary Data (Fisheries UNITAL, 2016) in State of the Coasts of Dili

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	The communities in Dili, including in Atauro Vila have been experiencing long dry season, and shorter rainy season resulting in drought, which affects the supply of water not only for domestic use but also for agriculture. The lack of water for agriculture has contributed to low production in crops. During rainy season, flooding has been experienced in areas near the rivers. The management of these two hazards is a challenge in the municipality.
Other natural threats and hazards	• Based on the Disaster Risk and Hazard Map Analysis for Timor-Leste: An overview of existing risk maps (RDTL, UNDP and EU, 2010), the municipality is at risk to four hazards, namely: landslides, drought, fire and flooding. The municipality is at high risk in terms of drought and fire. There are also areas that are prone to flash-floods during rainy season. In terms of landslides, the municipality has low risk but there are some areas that are likely to be affected. • Available data over a 34-year period suggest that there is also considerable risk in Timor-Leste from a destructive earthquake. In terms of risk analysis, the probability of a significant magnitude earthquake would be classified as having low probability (over a relatively short time period) but extremely high consequences. It is understood that there are very few structures in Dili or district capitals that have been built with seismic resistance incorporated, and that almost all private dwellings being constructed are non-engineered concrete/masonry (near riverbanks during buildings). Such buildings could be expected to have very high rates of failure in a strong earthquake (6.0–6.9 magnitude) and devastating levels in a major earthquake (7.0–7.9) that were to have an epicenter close to Dili or any of the district capitals. • The study provides indication of high-risk areas but suggested further risk assessment, confirmation of local risk levels in consultation with local residents who have better local understanding and historical perspective, and risk reduction activities in the short term, including establishment of early warning systems at district and suco level, public awareness activities and stronger attention to land use planning.
Other climate/manmade hazards
Man-made threats and hazards	Habitat degradation and conversion - The MRAP conducted by CTSP reported that in Dili, mangroves are threatened with deforestation from illegal cutting for house construction and fishing boat building; - Corals and other coastal resources in the localities of Behau, Tasitolu, Cristo Rei and Metinaro are also threatened with pollution and destructive means of fishing. Solid wastes being thrown into river systems end up in the coast and eventually pollute the coral ecosystems; and - Some reefs, especially those closer to Dili, suffer from erosion in the hinterlands, pointing to an urgent need for improved watershed management. • Pollution - No sewerage system exists in Dili, and sewage is typically discharged untreated or with minimal on-site treatment into drains, rivers, fields or gardens. The recently released Strategic Development Plan 2011–2030 outlines plans to address problems associated with poor sewerage infrastructure, including development of a collection system for Dili and scoping sewerage solutions as part of the District Centres Masterplan. - Solid waste is collected in Dili, but the coverage is not complete. There is only one solid waste disposal site in Dili that operates through open dumping without any treatment. - Dili hosts the main and only international port of entry to Timor-Leste. Measures should be in place to protect the surrounding natural reef system from threats of oil and fuel spills. • Increasing population concentration in coastal areas, especially in Dili. • Uncontrolled development of the coastline, conflicting uses among local communities, unregulated development of the tourism sector.

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism		X	An interagency coordinating mechanism for the implementation of ICM in the municipality was established in 2015 consisting of eleven government agencies.
ICM Project/Program Office		X	The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries at the municipality level serves as the coordinating office for the implementation of ICM activities in the municipality, with one staff assigned to as ICM Coordinator.
Stakeholder Participation		X	Community education and awareness activities are regularly undertaken by government agencies and NGOs (e.g. Fisheries, Forestry and Environment officers, Roman Luhan, Haburas Foundation and Belun). Public awareness and education include information on fisheries regulations, marine reserves, and on the importance of marine habitats such as mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass and internationally protected species. Existing means of communication in Dili include: brochures, pamphlets, radio, television and posters, including the establishment of marine and coastal conservation groups involving the public and coastal communities led by local NGOs.
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan	X		The preparation of a Coastal Strategy and its Implementation Plan has been initiated
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed	X		With the transition towards decentralization, the local government is gradually able to allocate funds to support ICM activities, but will still need support from various agencies and partners
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X		A draft of the Dili SOC Report is currently being reviewed.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification		X		The national strategic plan for fishery, called Fish for Sustainability is already in place. One of the critical point within the document is about the principles of fishery protection and conservation of coastal habitats. There are no local plans yet. The stakeholders identified the current and proposed programs that need to be implemented to respond to the issues in terms of habitat protection, restoration and management (see Annex 4).
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	MPA establishment in Atauro Vila and other areas in Atauro Island

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/REMARKS
				Pilot site: MPA in Atauro Vila, Atauro Island Target: 10% increase in MPA management effectiveness
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)			X	The MPA in Atauro Vila has a total area of 50.85 ha, including 18.36 ha of seagrass, 31.34 ha of coral reefs, 0.97 ha of mangroves, and 0.18 ha of beach/seashore (see Annex 2 for the habitat classification map of the MPA). The boundaries of the MPA (two sides) have a depth of between 14.3-47m and 13.1-43m. (NOAA, 2015)
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up			X	Ecological: Biophysical surveys have been conducted under the ADBCTP project and updated by Conservation international through a marine rapid assessment (MRAP) in 2012 and in June 2016. Notable survey results from the 2016 Atauro Island Marine RAP are as follows: - “Nourished by the deep, rich waters of Ombai Strait, Atauro’s coral reefs are extremely biodiverse and have high tourism value and high natural resilience. At the same time, overfishing and destructive fishing have significantly degraded the marine resources of this important national asset, and urgent management action should be taken to prevent further degradation and promote strong recovery of fish and coral populations for the benefit of local communities” - Species Diversity o 652 reef fish species recorded in total from Atauro (Island), belonging to 57 families and 210 genera o Total includes 261 species not previously recorded from Atauro and 71 species not previously recorded from Greater Timor Region o Brings the overall total for Timor-Leste to 894 species, and overall total for Greater Timor Region to 1036 species. o Species diversity totals exceeding 300 species were recorded at three sites on Atauro Island – indicative of an exceptionally rich reef associated fauna - Coral survey o East coast: Higher hard coral and soft coral cover and better reef development with more gradual slopes o West coast: Steeper and deeper slopes subjected to upwelling, with higher HC species diversity and patchy bleaching o Some very healthy and high diversity sites o Some very damaged sites - Possible old (~10 years) Crown of Thorns
MPA governance situation at project start-up		X	X	The MPA has a legal status based on the Ministerial Order No. 6/GM/I/2015. The structure of MPA has been established under the ADBCTP project but not fully organized yet. There are currently no permanent staff and personnel are working more on a voluntary basis.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up			X	The METT assessment for the MPA in Atauro Vila resulted in the following scores for the 6 elements: Context (86%); Planning (75%); Inputs (16%); Process (25%); Outputs (27%); and Outcomes (23%). The overall total score was 36.3%, indicating potential areas of improvement. See Annex 5 for the score summary.
New or improved MPA management plan		X		MPA management plan was prepared for 2015-2020 under the ADB- CTP project but not fully implemented
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X			To be assessed at the end of the project

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