Fangchenggang

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land Area (km²)	6,300 km²
Sea area (km²)	40,000 km²
Coastline (km)	584 km
Major river systems (names)	Beilun River (1,187 km²); FangchengRiver (843 km²)
Total number of coastal cities/municipalities	4, including Gangkou District, Fangcheng District, Shangsi County, Dongxing City
Population (latest census)	860,000 (2010)
Population growth rate (latest census)	9.77% (2012)
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	1.22:1.00 (2010)
Average annual household income (latest census)	Income per capita: 19,722 RMB or USD 3,130 (2011)
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	• Agriculture: 6.8% • Second industry: 78.1% • Third industry: 15.1%

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	Mangrove: 24 km²
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	12.7 km² mangroves are protected by Beilun River Estuary National MPA.
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	In fishery sector, output value in 2008 was estimated at 2.4 billion RMB. Ration between capture fishery and aquaculture shifted from 41:59 in 1995 to 37:63 in 2010, with annual decrease of capture level by 1.86% in accordance with the national “negative increase” fishery policy.
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor, endangered), Baikal Teal (Anas formosa) and Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) both vulnerable, use Beilun River Estuary national MPA as breeding site and stopover.

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	1) Poor coordination in use of seas which results in conflicts in port development and aquaculture and tourism development; 2) inadequate wastewater treatment facilities. There is a lack of urban and industrial sewage water treatment facilities, as well as facilities to receive solid waste in port areas; and 3) poor use of available data due to lack of integrated information management system.
Other natural threats and hazards	Key threats include 1) reclamation and unsustainable use of mangrove forests for agricultural fields, marine aquaculture and sea salt production; 2) mangroves conversion due to infrastructure and urban development; lack of good management of mangrove forests due to weak capacity.
Man-made threats and hazards	1) Lack of coordination between government agencies, inadequate and poorly enforced policies and regulations; and 2) lack of awareness and understanding of values of mangroves among the stakeholders.

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism		X
ICM Project/Program Office		X	Specific staff in the Oceanic Administration of Fangchenggang are responsible for ICM.
Stakeholder Participation		X	Consultation process; local departments participate in decision making process
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan		X	Fangchenggang Marine Functional Zoning Fangchenggang Coastal Development Strategy
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed		X	Detailed work and budget plan supported by the Fangchenggang government.
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	1) establish integrated information management system to support planning; 2) conduct monitoring and research activities focusing on land-source pollution, and collect marine ecosystem and environment data; 3) develop ICM coastal strategy and implementation, and integrate into development plans; 4) pilot PES schemes to generate funds for ICM program; 5) capacity development through training; 6) develop environmental accidents emergency response plans; and 7) conduct large-scale land and sea area function zoning.
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	Coastal Use Zoning, MPAs

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)		X	Mangrove forests: 12.7 km2
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X		No information available
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats		X	National Nature Reserve in Beilun Esturay
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	Fangchenggang Ecological Remediation Project Mangrove Forests Recovery Program Coastal Integrated Governance
Restoration program(s)		X	Ecological Project of Developing Mangrove Forests in the Southern China and Chinese Tamarix in the Northern China (13th five year plan)
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights		X	Improve the coastal health and resilience; maintain the stability of mangrove forests; keep biodiversity; encourage employment and investment; increase income through fishery and tourism

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)			X	Primary habitats: • Mangrove:1300ha • Seagrass: 70ha • Intertidal: 99400ha • Neritic waters:154400ha Endangered species: • Mangrove • Limulus • Sea bean sprouts • Pacific reef heron • Seagrass ( Halophila beccarii) • Chinese egret • Spoon-billed sandpiper • Black-faced spoonbill Size of marine protected area: 3000 ha • Beilun Esturay National Nature Reserve in Guangxi-3000ha The establishment of MPAs would promote the protection of the typical marine ecosystems and biodiversity preservation and promote eco-tourism. The most important threats in the MPAs： • Aquiculture, Illegal dredging, Pollution, and other human activities. • Natural disaster- typhoon, tropical cyclone
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up			X	• A total of 26,391 people live around the costal of the MPA. • Average income of the people in Fangchenggang is 16,490 RMB per person yearly. • The local people have an agricultural economy. Agriculture and fisheries are main economic activity. Source: the website of Fangchenggang government, the work report of Beilun Esturay National Nature Reserve
MPA governance situation at project start-up			X	The MPA was established by laws and gazette. Management Bureau of Nature Reserve carry out the manager work including protection infrastructure construction, research, education and other activities.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up		X		Beilun Esturay National Nature Reserve is in the process of assessment using with METT scorecard.
New or improved MPA management plan		X		The master plan of the MPA has been approved in 2010 to provide guideline for its management. The master plan is keeping with the national laws and regulations.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X			The score has not been published.

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