Hai Phong

Date of Profile Completion:

December 28, 2017

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	1,523.9 km²
Sea area (km²)	4000 km²
Coastline (km)	125 km
Major river systems (names)	• Da Bac – Bach Dang River with length of 32 km. It is sub-branch of Kinh mon river, flowing to Nam Trieu estuary • Cam River with length of 30 km. It is sub-branch of Kinh mon river, flowing through Hai Phong city to sea at Cam estuary • Lach Tray River with length of 45 km. It is sub-branch of Kinh Thay, originating at Kenh Dong village, flowing through Kien An, An Hai, Hai Phong city to sea at Lach estuary • Van Uc River with length of 35 km. It is sub-branch of Thai Binh river, originating at Quy Cao village, flowing to the sea at Van Uc estuary • Thai Binh River: it is natural boundary of Thai Binh and Hai Phong. The river is shallower from 1970 and very small portion (%) of water from Red –Thai Binh river flowing in this sub-branch
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	Coastlines of Hai Phong are covered by 3 urban districts including Duong Kinh, Do Son, Hai An; 6 suburban districts of Thuy Nguyen, Kien Thuy, An Lao, Tien Lang, Vinh Bao and 2 island districts of Cat Hai and Bach Long Vi.
Population (latest census)	1,904,100 (in 2012)
Population growth rate (latest census)	No information available.
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	Male: 49,65%; Female: 50,35% (in 2012)
Average annual household income (latest census)	No information available.
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	• Agriculture, forestry and fishing: 4625 persons (1.4%); • Manufacturing: 179476 persons (54.18%); • Construction: 31337 persons (9.46%); • Transportation and storage: 38028 persons (11.48%); • Accommodation and food service activities: 5579 persons (1.68%); • Information and communication: 1403 persons (0.42%); • Professional, scientific and technical activities: 3389 persons (1.02%); • Administrative and support service activities: 10409 persons (3.14%); • Education and training: 1192 persons (0.36%); • Human health and social work activities: 629 persons (0.19%); • Arts, entertainment and recreation: 1213 persons (0.36%); • Other service activities: 449 persons (0.13%).

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	Cat Ba National Park Mangrove in Kien Thuy, Do Son, Tien Lang District
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	Cat Ba island
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	No information available.
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Special Cat Ba Langur species (scientific name: Trachypithecus poliocephalus poliocephalus subspecies), i.e. the golden langur (a number of documents that white-headed langur is wrong, scientific name: Trachypithecus poliocephalus leucocephalus subspecies found only in China) is Narrow endemic species of Cat Ba, currently only 66 individuals, only distributed in the coastal mountains (according to data provided by FPD Cat Ba National Park, 2007)

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Sea level rise: 20 cm
Other natural threats and hazards	Earthquake: 4.4 Richter scale recorded in Thuy Nguyen district in 2012. Coastal erosion: Most of the island Dinh Vu area, south beach of Bai Nha Mac, Road 14, Cat Hai, Phu Long are currently experiencing shore erosion. Erosion rate level reached 1.2 to 9.6 m/year, 5 average, 4 m / year Sedimentation: Appears currently in Hai Phong Port, Cam river estuary, Do Son beach (Some results of investigation on erosion and sedimentation at Hai Phong coast., Tran Anh Tu, Tran Duc Thanh) Landslides: Total length of shoreline eroded: 16.1 km
Other climate/man-made hazards
Man-made threats and hazards	Oil spills (from sea-based or land-based sources): Some accidents of the ship which transport petroleum occurred in 2010, 2011 in the coastal zone of Cat Ba, Do Son, Hon Dau • The oil content in Hai Phong coastal waters tend to rise in the estuary, near the harbor, boat docks, soaked into the bottom sediments. • Oil pollution is mainly caused by the development transportation, industry, and by means of fishing boats backward and lacking equipment and rescue capability, faster handle when oil spills. Since 1994 this has happened to more than 30 oil spills in Hai Phong port waters. The most typical sinking of the My Dinh ship on 20/12/2004 at Cat Ba has caused nearly 200 tons of oil into the sea. Domestic/household sewage: Under the scheme of the integrated coastal zone management Hai Phong DONRE, each year, Hai Phong suffered about 657-820 thousand tons/day of waste from the Red River Delta Industrial and hazardous waste: 778 tons per year Overfishing/destructive fishing: Bach Long Vi is used as a base for offshore fishing. The marine resources in the immediate vicinity of the island are subject to over-harvesting and destructive fishing practices. Unsustainable aquaculture practices: The massive development of fish cages in Cat Hai island causes the pollution to the surrounding water and impact to tourism. Overexploitation/destructive use of habitats (mangroves; coral reefs; seagrass): Agricultural land area of the city is declining due to industrial development. According to the Statistical Yearbook of Hai Phong, from 2000 to 2009, with the expansion and development of 04 industrial zones, agricultural land declined by nearly 13%, and approximately 35.98 ha of mangroves lost in 1994-2000 (Van Thao Nguyen et al, 2003). Uncontrolled development of the coastline/conflicting uses: The exists conflict between the development of ports (including Hai Phong port expansion and new Lach Huyen port) and the protection of biodiversity. Conflicts between industrial development and environmental protection in Hai Phong. Conflict between tourism development in Cat Ba (Hai Phong) and protecting the environment. Polluted river discharges: Da Do river, Re river, Gia river are polluted by the domestic, hospital and factory sewage flows. Overuse/mismanagement of groundwater supplies: Occur in Cat Ba island, especially during tourism season (April to August). Salt water intrusion: Some coastal estuaries in Hai Phong have been sea incursion phenomena, particularly in the area of Phu Long, Cat Hai, Dinh Vu, The dyke 1, dyke 2, it occurs strongly Hypoxia/eutrophication of coastal waters: Occurred in the coastal area of Cat Ba island in 2006, which generated the red tidal phenomena .

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism		X	In order to exploit, develop and sustainably management on resources and environment in the provinces, the joint committee that is responsible for coordinating coastal and marine area development and management is established. The committee board was established under the decision No. /QĐ-UBND in September, 2013 signed by president of Hai Phong city.
ICM Project/Program Office		X	• Hai Phong DONRE • Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Hai Phong • Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism • Department of Industry and Trade • Department of Planning and Investment • Department of Transportation • Hai Phong City People's Committee • Department of protected areas and heritage management • Border Guards
Stakeholder Participation
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed			Pilot study on identification of environmental conflicts in Hai Phong (SECOA project, 2010-2013). A comprehensive assessment of existing situation of Hai Phong Coasts. This project were carried out in 2012 – 2014 with the following products (1) Assessment of natural conditions, (2) Existing state of socio-economic activities, (3) Existing state of marine resources, (4) Existing environment and (5) mapping on coastal situation of Hai phong with scale 1:100.000. Develop database on resources and environment of sea, islands and coastal areas of Hai Phong. This project is conducted by DoNRE in 2013 – 2015, nhan manh emphasizing to the following issues (1) Collection and supplement survey of data, (2) Building database including infrastructures, natural conditions, natural disasters, resources, environment, socio-economic potentials etc., (3) Mapping database with scale of 100,000, 1:25,000 and 1:10,000 for different areas and (4) Putting this database into operation to serve IRMEP. Upgrading management capacity on ICM in Northwest coasts of Northern gulf. Support for sustainable development of Ha Long – Bai Tu Long bay and Hai Phong estuaries funded by FFEM. The project was conducted from November, 2012 to February, 2013. Collaborating with VASI implements the scientific protocol between Viet Nam and USA on “Zoning for uses and spatial management planning for Hai Phong and Quang Ninh sea and islands” (2011-2013) funded by USA and Government of Viet Nam. Monitoring water pollution; Conservation and development of Cat Ba coral reef and Cat Ba park are implemented by DoNRE Master plans for land use in coastal areas such as Dinh Vu industrial park in Hai An, Industrial parks in Duong Kinh and Kien Thuy or land reclamation in Tien Lang, Vinh Bao etc are conducted by DoNRE Projects at Cat Hai and Do Son for upgrading sea dyke and revetments after the typhoons or annual monitoring river and sea dike systems were implemented by department Agricultural and Rural Development.
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X		No information available.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	• Annual environmental observation for Hai Phong coasts • Coordinating to Cat Ba national Park to develop reservation plan of coral reef at Cat Ba island • Study on pollution at Cat Ba island and propose solutions to mitigate pollution • On propagation: Implementation of the plan No. 6323/KH-UBND dated 20/10/2011 of Hai Phong PPC on propagation development, protection and management of sea and islands in the period 2011-2015 • Marine spatial planning in detail for Coastlines, Cat Ba and Bach Long Vi islands • Human resources development and enhancement of infrastructures to serve basic investigation and resources and environmental management • Building Marine Spatial Planning up to 2020 and vision to 2030 to serve ICM • Building comprehensive plans, marine zoning, basic investigation, exploitation and utilization of marine resources and environment • Building marine observed system; enhancing inspection and monitoring pollution and environmental deterioration; building warning and forecast system on natural disasters; propose policy and mechanism on polluted management, natural disaster mitigation.
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	Zoning, spatial planning, water monitoring, comprehensive assessment of existing situation at site.

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)	X		No information available.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X		No information available.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X		No information available.
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	• Marine spatial planning in detail for Coastlines, Cat Ba and Bach Long Vi islands • Building comprehensive plans, marine zoning, basic investigation, exploitation and utilization of marine resources and environment • Coordinating to Cat Ba national Park to develop reservation plan of coral reef at Cat Ba island • Plan No. 6323/KH-UBND dated 20/10/2011 of Hai Phong PPC on propagation development, protection and management of sea and islands in the period 2011-2015
Restoration program(s)		X	A comprehensive assessment of existing situation of Hai Phong Coasts. This project were carried out in 2012 – 2014 with the following products (1) Assessment of natural conditions, (2) Existing state of socio-economic activities, (3) Existing state of marine resources, (4) Existing environment and (5) mapping on coastal situation of Hai phong with scale 1:100.000.
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights		X	MSP is not only economic development plan, but reasonable using of areas and management planning in order to get maximum benefit in term of economy following to natural and environmental laws. Marine space is included natural environment and resources and marine position. Based on this concept, marine spatial planning is understood that: (1) Environmental management planning to adapt with the pressure of socio-economic development and impact to natural processes (2) Planning to reasonable uses of natural resources and marine position. With above description, it is necessary to have comprehensive planning for the exploitation, development, protection and management of resources and environment in the city.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)	X	No information available.
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X	No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X	No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up	X	No information available.
New or improved MPA management plan	X	No information available.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X	No information available.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)	X	No information available.
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X	No information available.
EAFM or similar management plan	X	No information available.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X	No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X	No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X	No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities	X	No information available.
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X	No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X	No information available.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X	No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X	No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management		• Monitoring water pollution; Conservation and development of Cat Ba coral reef and Cat Ba park are implemented by DoNRE and so on. • Study on pollution at Cat Ba island and propose solutions to mitigate pollution • Building marine observed system; Enhancing inspection and monitoring pollution and environmental deterioration; Building warning and forecast system on natural disasters; propose policy and mechanism on polluted management, natural disaster mitigation.
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X	No information available.
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X	No information available.

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas	X	% of households on centralized water supply: 80%
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices	X	No information available.
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X	No information available.

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities	X		No information available.
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community		X	• Mapping sensitive coast for oil spills • Develop and approve inter-provincial plan to respond to oil spills in the coastal of Quang Ninh - Hai Phong • Build a network of agencies to respond to oil spills at sea in coastal Quang Ninh - Hai Phong • Capacity building for staff and rescue drills in response to the oil spill.
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms	X		No information available.
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X		No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X		No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X		No information available.
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation	X		No information available.
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X		No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X	No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)	X	No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.

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