Haikou

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land Area (km²)	3,145.93 km²
Sea area (km²)	861.44 km²
Coastline (km)	129.47 km
Major river systems (names)	Nandu River
Total number of coastal cities/municipalities	Xiuying, Longhua, Qiongshan, Meilan
Population (latest census)	2,246,000 (2016)
Population growth rate (latest census)	2.31％
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	1.01:1.00 (2010)
Average annual household income (latest census)	Income per capita: 80,200 RMB or USD 13,030 (2015)
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	• First industry: 731,400 • Second industry 203,100 • Third industry: 510,900 (2004)

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	Mangrove
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove National MPA 406 km²
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	Marine fishery resources are mainly fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, etc. There are more than 100 fish species.
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Hainan hill-partridge, crimson horned-pheasant, etc.

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Torrential rains in Hainan in 2010
Man-made threats and hazards	1) Fast development of tourism posing threats to corals and its living environment due to impact from tourists; 2) inappropriate fishing practices; and 3) collection of corals though significantly declining in the past years.

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism			X
ICM Project/Program Office		X	X	Specific staff in Haikou Ocean and Fisheries Bureau are responsible for ICM.
Stakeholder Participation			X	Consultation process; local departments participate in decision making process
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan		X		The 13th Five Year Plan for Development of Haikou
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed		X		Detailed work and budget plan supported by Haikou government
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	MPA Overall Planning Coastal Spatial Zoning Plan Coastal Functional Zoning MPA and Wetland Protection Projects Coastal Environmental Protection Plans
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	Coastal Use Zoning, Provincial MPAs

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)		X	Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove National MPA: 406 km² • Core Zone or Protected zone – 1663 ha • Buffer Zone – 1167.1 ha • Multiple use zone – 535.5 ha
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X		No information available
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats		X	Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove National MPA: 406 km² • Core Zone or Protected zone – 1663 ha • Buffer Zone – 1167.1 ha • Multiple use zone – 535.5 ha
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	Haikou 13th Five Year Plan for Development on Environmental Protection and Remediation. The implementation plan for the comprehensive management of the environment of the National Nature Reserve in Dongzhai Harbor.
Restoration program(s)		X	The water quality monitoring should be strengthened. Organize volunteers to carry out activities to strengthen environmental protection teams
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights		X	Dongzhai National MPA, mangrove planting, pollutant control, and investment for eco aquaculture and tourism, bring benefits not only for the local people, but for the whole surrounding area.

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