Marinduque

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	959.25 km²
Sea area (km²)	No information available.
Coastline (km)	161 km
Major river systems (names)	It is bounded on the north by the Tayabas Bay, on the east by the Bondoc Peninsula, on the west by Oriental Mindoro, and on the south by the Sibuyan Sea.
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	Six municipalities and 218 barangays, and extends about 170 km. south of Metro Manila between the Bondoc Peninsula at the eastern portion of Luzon and Oriental Mindoro. Of the 218 barangays in the province, 81 are coastal barangays.
Population (latest census)	227,828 (NSO/PSA 2010)
Population growth rate (latest census)	No information available.
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	No information available.
Average annual household income (latest census)	No information available.
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	Agriculture is the main economic activity with 53,586.5 has. total production area.

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	The province of Marinduque has a total mangrove area of 3,197.58 ha located along the coastal areas of Sta. Cruz (2,474.32 ha), Torrijos (604.48 ha), and Mogpog (118.78 ha). Over 2,000 ha of these are considered old stands, whereas 450 ha are newly planted (within the last 10 years), and 747.78 ha are secondary growth.The most common species thriving in the province are Rhizophora sp. and Api-api (Avicennia marina). Mangrove species in Marinduque include Aegiceras floridum (Tindok-tindok), Avicennia marina (Pipisik), Bruguiera cylindrica (Pototan), Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Pototan or Busain), Bruguiera parviflora (Larangay), Ceriops decandra (Lapis-lapis), Ceriops tagal (Tangal), Excoecaria agallocha (Buta-buta), Heritiera littoralis (Dungon lati), Nypa fruticans (Sasa), Pemphis acidula (Bantigue), Rhizophora apiculata (Bakawan lalake), Rhizophora mucronata (Bakawan babae), Rhizophora stylosa (Bakawan bato), Sonneratia alba (Pagatpat), Sonneratia caseolaris (Pagatpat), and Xylocarpus granatum (Tabigi). Coral reefs: Corals are surveyed at 10 sites along the main coastline and along the Tres Reyes Islands. Of the sites assessed for coral cover, 4 were in fair condition (25-49.9% hard coral cover) and 6 were in poor condition (0-24.9% cover) Hard corals provide the reef structure that provides habitat to the rest of the organisms on the reef. The highest hard cover, 41%, was found in Bgy. Banot; other fair hard covers were in Poblacion reef and at the Pangikog Reef of Baltazar Island. Lowest hard cover was found in the Marine Reserve Habitat Zone of Gaspar Island. Marine Reserve Core Zone of Gaspar Island had Soft coral covers at these sites were significantly higher with 9% soft coral cover in the MR Habitat Zone (10% live coral cover) and 25% soft coral cover in the MR Habitat Zone and 25% soft coral cover in the MR Core Zone (30% live cover). Bahi reef is categorized as Fair.
	Coral Reefs in Gasan are being threathened by both natural and human-induced disturbances. The 2014 assessment cited blast and cyanide fishing, particularly in Bgy. Pinggan, fine mesh nets compressor-assisted fishing and overfishing, heavy solid waste, siltation/sedimentation due to upland reforestation, soil erosion from riverbanks and shorelines during heavy rains and floods, signs of diseases and occurrence of pest like Crown Thorns and Drupella shells as causes that have negatively impacted the reefs observed. Sea grass: In Bahi 8 of 15 quadrants had coverage rates of 55-65% and were rated good. Others were rated poor to fair except one extreme of no cover and another rated very good with a coverage rate of 95%. In Masiga there were only 5 quadrants in all, 2 with no cover and the others with covering ratings of fair to good. Although sea grass cover was good in several areas along the 4 transects, species richness was remarked to be very low with only 4 species identified.
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	There are five Municipal Marine Reserves, one Mariculture Park, and one Marine Protected Area.
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	Good growth of macro algae or Caulerpa sp. “lato” and Halimeda and plenty of sea urchin, sea cucumber, blue crab and sea horse. Dominant species of fish are Caesionids, Siganids, Lutjanids and Thread Breams. Sea Turles (Pawikan) are found in the province, as it is a migration route and nesting grounds of marine turtles; Green sea. Olive Ridley and Hawk.
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	2 endangered clams (Tridacna squasoma and T. crocea)

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Typhoon/severe storms: Available records show that from 1978 to 2009, there were 9 destructive typhoons that brought severe damages to the province, including loss of lives, properties, livelihood, and infrastructure. Available records show that Marinduque is susceptible to various hazards such as ground shaking, landslides, floods and storm surges since the province is surrounded by sea. Flooding is normally caused by surface run- off due to typhoon and heavy rains coming from the adjacent upland barangays, and is worsened by the siltation brought about by erosion from the poorly managed watershed, and clogged river streams caused by uprooted trees and debris from the eroded river embankment. The flood plains of Boac were further worsened by the 1996 Marcopper Tapian Pit spill. Likewise, in Mogpog River, the river bed elevation is higher than the barangay built- up area due to the continued siltation from the overburden of the abandoned Marcopper stockpile.
Other natural threats and hazards	Typhoons, storm surges, coastal erosion, and flooding.
Other climate/man-made hazards	Poor health and sanitation due to the limited supply of safe drinking water. Most coastal communities depend on deep wells, which are vulnerable to saline intrusion when sea level rises.
Man-made threats and hazards	Unregulated coastal settlement, lack of drainage and sewage facilities, and poor waste management exposes the community to health hazards and disasters.

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism	X		No information available.
ICM Project/Program Office	X		No information available.
Stakeholder Participation		X	Mangrove protection and management involve various stakeholders in the province. The DENR plays a role in the issuance of legal, institutional, and partnership arrangements, which are formalized through a memorandum of agreement (MOA). The DENR also provides technical guidance to other stakeholders. The Provincial Government, on the other hand, is responsible for the proper implementation of projects. This involves close coordination with other stakeholders, information, education, and communication (IEC) campaigns, provision of personnel and livelihoods, as well as the management and administration of financial resources of projects. Stakeholders, which include the municipal governments of Sta. Cruz, Torrijos, and Mogpog, provide personnel and funding supports. Municipal local government units (LGUs) also assist in IECs and lead community mobilization for the protection of resources. At the fourth tier are the barangay LGUs, which assist in community mobilization and resource protection. The Barangay Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Councils (BFARMCs), cooperatives, and civil society organizations (CSOs) also assist in the implementation and resource protection at the local level. Lastly, the Marinduque State College provides technical assistance and community organizing.
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan	X		No information available.
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed	X		No information available.
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X		No information available.
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification	X
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)	X		No information available.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)	X		No information available.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats		X	The total forestland of the Marinduque remains at 7,105 ha, which is subdivided into upland forest, mangrove forest, and mossy forest. This places Marinduque as the 3rd most denuded province in the country. It is also ranked as the 7th most geohazard-prone province. The decline of mangroves is mostly due the following reasons: (1) conversion of mangrove areas into fishponds; (2) cutting of mangrove stands for construction materials, firewood, and charcoal; and (3) encroachment or illegal settlement along and on mangrove areas. The degradation of mangrove forests has resulted in the decline of wildlife biodiversity. Declines in fish and shellfish catch, a primary source of livelihood, have been experienced in the province. Coastal-dwellers have also been more exposed to strong winds, tidal waves, storm surges, and coastal erosion.
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats	X
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	Municipal ordinance no. 02-69, series of 2001 “An ordinance providing for sustainable management, development, and conservation of the municipal waters and the fisheries, aquatic and coastal resources of the municipality of BOAC” Ordinance No. 2013-145 An ordinance amending ordinance no. 02-69, series of 2001 otherwise known as the fisheries, aquatic and coastal resource management ordinance of the municipality of BOAC (2001) Establishment of artificial coral reef (ACR) and fish shelter (Boya). Formulation of Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan & Zoning Ordinance Dileanation of Municipal Water Establishment of Wildlife Sanctuary Integration of CIPMC Plan in the PDPFP and CLUP (see figure 4 below)

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)	X		No information available.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats		X	The total forestland of the Marinduque remains at 7,105 ha, which is subdivided into upland forest, mangrove forest, and mossy forest. This places Marinduque as the 3rd most denuded province in the country. It is also ranked as the 7th most geohazard-prone province. The decline of mangroves is mostly due the following reasons: (1) conversion of mangrove areas into fishponds; (2) cutting of mangrove stands for construction materials, firewood, and charcoal; and (3) encroachment or illegal settlement along and on mangrove areas. The degradation of mangrove forests has resulted in the decline of wildlife biodiversity. Declines in fish and shellfish catch, a primary source of livelihood, have been experienced in the province. Coastal-dwellers have also been more exposed to strong winds, tidal waves, storm surges, and coastal erosion.
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats	X
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	Municipal ordinance no. 02-69, series of 2001 “An ordinance providing for sustainable management, development, and conservation of the municipal waters and the fisheries, aquatic and coastal resources of the municipality of BOAC” Ordinance No. 2013-145 An ordinance amending ordinance no. 02-69, series of 2001 otherwise known as the fisheries, aquatic and coastal resource management ordinance of the municipality of BOAC (2001) Establishment of artificial coral reef (ACR) and fish shelter (Boya). Formulation of Comprehensive Land and Water Use Plan & Zoning Ordinance Dileanation of Municipal Water Establishment of Wildlife Sanctuary Integration of CIPMC Plan in the PDPFP and CLUP (see figure 4 below)
Restoration program(s)		X	Mangrove Rehabilitation and Reforestation The DBM/PGM Forest Project rehabilitated about 100 ha by replanting 250,000 mangrove propagules (see Figure 3 below.) SP Resolution No. 3, s 2009 Approving and Endorsing the VIPMC Management Plan for Marinduque MOA among the partner agencies, DENR, PGM, LGUs, PO/Coop, DBP, BFAR, DA, CSO, NGOs, DTI, CDA, MSC in the implementation of Watershed Project Watershed Management: a. Boac - 374 has. with 123 has. on-going, 16 barangays and water way rehab. - 1 km & 83 has. on-going in 17 barangays b. Buenavista - 523 has with 147 has. on-going, 10 barangays & urban greening- 2 has., 1 brgy. c. Gasan - 155 has. with 76 has. on-going in 3 brgys and waterway rehab. – 2 km in 4 brgys. d. Mogpog - 40 has. and 30 has. on-going, 3 barangays e. Sta. Cruz - 888 has. with 30 has. on-going, 12 brgys. & waterway rehab. – 5 km in 2 brgys f. Torrijos - 299 has. and 110 has. on-going, 8 brgys. & urban greening – 2 has. In 1 brgy. (See figure 5 below) Habitat Management: Coastal Rehabilitation a. Boac - 4 has., 4 coastal barangays, b. Buenavista – 1 has., 1 coastal barangays c. Mogpog – 50 has. , 4 coastal barangays d. Sta. Cruz – 120 has. 19 coastal barangays e. Torrijos – 35 has. , 5 coastal barangays f. Development of Buenavbista CMPA Management Plan with two (2) Management Zonbes, from 10 has. to 34 has. (see figure 6 below)
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) o Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks o Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors o Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs o Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights		X	Aside from its main goal of replanting in mangrove areas, the project also had sub-programs. These include IECs on the DBP Forest project, management trainings for FARMCs and barangays, and livelihood training for the communities. The project and its sub-programs were beneficial for the community. The community became more aware of the importance of mangrove forests, particularly their contribution to fish and shellfish production, farming, livelihood programs, and protection from natural disasters. Realizing the value of mangroves, the community has eventually reduced the cutting and illegal fishing in mangrove forests.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)			X	There are four Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Marinduque: • Gasan Marine Reserve Community - 3,036 ha. • Pook Marine Reserve and Fish Sanctuary - 4 ha. • Lipata Marine Reserve and Fish Sanctuary - 30 ha. • Balancan Cave Marine Reserve - 18 ha.
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X			No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X			No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up	X			No information available.
New or improved MPA management plan		X		Newly established within the municipal waters of Boac a marine sanctuary to be known as the “Boac Community Marine Sanctuary” which shall be located at Barangay Caganhao. It starts 10 meters in length and extends 500 meters offshore, giving a total area of 0.25 km2. Creation of Buenavista MPA and CBATEP Management Board
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X			No information available.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)	X		No information available.
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X		No information available.
EAFM or similar management plan			Strict enforcement of fishery Laws (RA 8550) and Municipal Ordinance No. 02-69, Series of 2001. Municipal ordinance no. 02-69, series of 2001 “An ordinance providing for sustainable management, development, and conservation of the municipal waters and the fisheries, aquatic and coastal resources of the municipality of BOAC” Ordinance No. 2013-145 An ordinance amending ordinance no. 02-69, series of 2001 otherwise known as the fisheries, aquatic and coastal resource management ordinance of the municipality of BOAC (2001) Restrict the Entry of Commercial fishing vessels within the Municipal Water.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X		No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X		No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X		No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities		X	• Provision of 40 units marine engine to marginalized fisher folks- BFAR IVB   • Provision of gillnets and multiple hook & line   • Establishment of fish cages/fish pens   • Provision of Crab Lift net (BILMA-Mogpog Chapter)   • Hug/native swine dispersal to CBFM/ISF holder   • Training on Cave and Tour Guiding (Bagumbungan Cave, Ka Amon-Pilapil Cave, Luzon Datum Assn, and Yook Sunset Recudo CBET   • Native chicken dispersal   • Honey Bee Culture   • Vermiculture   • Goat and horse dispersal   • Establishment of fish shelter   • Fish/Bagoong, Patis Processing   • Seaweed Culture   • HVC vegetable production   Continuous capacity building of MFARMCs and Bantay Dagat  Housing relocation to illegal settlers thru GK
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X		No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X		No information available.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X		No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X		No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management	X
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas	X
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices	X
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities	X		No information available.
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community		X	Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Local Development Planning and Decisionmaking Processes, sponsored and coordinated by the National Economic and Development Authority-Regional Development Council Staff (NEDA-RDCS), in partnership with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), the provincial government of Marinduque was able to identify the level of susceptibility of a particular area or barangay to landslides and floods. Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) of a particular barangay and municipality.
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms	X		No information available.
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X		No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X		No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation	X		No information available.
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X		No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X	No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)	X	No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.

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