Ninh Thuan Province

Date of Profile Completion:

January 20, 2018

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	Province: 3,358.326 km², coastal districts and cities: 1,559.092 km²
Sea area (km²)	Territorial area: 1,800 km², economic zone: 24,480 km², concerning coastal line area: ~1.134 km²
Coastline (km)	105 km
Major river systems (names)	Two main river systems through the province with 430 km length and total catchment area of 3,600 km², including: The Cai river: the River tributaries include Tra Co, Sat, Cho Mo, Suoi Ngang, Ong, Dau, Than, Quao and Lu with total length of 246 km, basin area 1,929.5 km² River system outside Cai Phan Rang River includes Trau river, Ba Rau – Kien Kien stream, Dong Nha, Ong Kinh, Nuoc Ngoc and Quan The (Thuan Nam) and Nui Mot stream.
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	There are five municipalities including: Thuan Bac, Ninh Hai, Ninh Phuoc, Thuan Nam district and Phan Rang - Thap Cham city.
Population (latest census)	582.500 persons
Population growth rate (latest census)	1.01%
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	50.43/49.57
Average annual household income (latest census)	19,086 millions VND
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	Agriculture/fisheries: 52% Industry: 15% Construction and services: 33%

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	Mangrove: Mangrove area is estimated about 17,6 ha, mainly distributed in the commune such as Tan Hai, Hai Phuong, Ho Hai and Tri Hai; Coral reef: Coral reef area is estimated about 1.464 ha, there are over 350 coral species and distributed at the area: Binh Tien - Ninh Chu approximately 1,270 ha, Tu Thien - Mui Dinh approximately 70 ha and Mui Dinh Southern - Binh Thuan approximately 124 ha. There are about 2.5% of coral reefs have quite coverage (51-75%), 10.4% had medium coverage (31-50%), 21.6% had low coverage (16-30 %) and 65.5% had very low coverage. Seagrass: seagrass area is estimated about 84 ha, mainly distributed from Hon Nhon - Roc Dua of My Hoa village.
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	Nui Chua National Park has area approximately 29.865 ha (land area: 22.513 ha and sea area: 7.352 ha) and located 2 districts: Ninh Hai, Thuan Bac. There are approximately 1,465 species of plants and 306 species of animals.
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	There are over 500 species (floating fish group has over 146 species and bottom fish group has 392 species)
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Seagrass, giant clams, coral reefs, sea turtles.

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Storms surges/flooding: Mainly affected by tropical storms and big floods in the rainy season Sea level rise: Mainly in 17 coastal communes: Van Hai, My Binh, My Hai, Dong Hai, Vinh Hai, Thanh Hai, Nhon Hai, Tri Hai, Phuong Hai, Tan Hai, Ho Hai, Khanh Hai, Cong Hai, An Hai , Phuoc Dinh, Ca Na and Phuoc Diem Drought: Ninh Thuan province has drought in places.
Other natural threats and hazards	Coastal erosion: Mainly concentrated in shorelines from Tri Thuy to Khanh Hoi and shorelines in Dong Hai Ward Sedimentation: Mainly concentrated in Cai Phan Rang river estuary and Nai lagoon. Landslides: Mainly concentrated in mountainous areas such as Bac Ai district and Ninh Son district.
Other climate/man-made hazards
Man-made threats and hazards	Oil spills (from sea-based or land-based sources): Mainly concentrated in 04 fish harbors such as Dong Hai, Ninh Chu, Ca Na and My Tan Hazardous chemicals and noxious substances spills: Agricultural activities use pesticides Domestic/household sewage: Most households have septic tanks. In addition, the Ninh thuan province is investing and building wastewater collection systems and centralized wastewater treatment at the urban areas such as Phan Rang - Thap Cham, Ninh Hai, Ninh Phuoc Domestic garbage/solid waste: collected domestic garbage/solid waste in areas such as urban about 85% and rural about 60% Industrial and hazardous waste: Depend on each industrial park and industrial clusters that have different solid waste and sewage. Currently, sewage at industrial parks and industrial clusters in Ninh Thuan province required to process class A achievement before allowing discharge the environment. Overfishing/destructive fishing: Using explosives, cyanide and different nets Deforestation/land use: The forest is burned in the dry season to do agriculture cultivation, deforestation of loggers and charcoal Unsustainable aquaculture practices: Spontaneity of people farmed fisheries and seafood in region such as Nai lagoon, Son Hai lagoon, An Hai commune and Phu Tho village, Dong Hai commune. Overexploitation/destructive use of habitats (mangroves; coral reefs; seagrass): Seagrass: snail farming, extraction of seaweeds, krill and using electrical impulses. Overexploitation of giant clams and the use of explosives. Coral reefs degrade due to anchored boats, use of explosives, poisons; exploitation of fisheries in the reef by different nets, diving; boom of starfish, exploitation of coral by using lobster traps, sediment. Sea Turtles degrade sue to exploitation of fisheries by different nets; people exploited eggs and catch turtles. Uncontrolled development of the coastline/conflicting uses: Conflict between people farmed lobster and used lobster traps with people were business about travel at coastal zone. Land reclamation: Migration of ethnic minorities live in the mountainous, burning the forest to do agriculture cultivation. Polluted river discharges: Mainly contaminated by types of wastewater such as agriculture, industry, household and hospital. Overuse/multiple use of river waters: River Water provide for operations such as domestic, industrial, fisheries and services - tourism is good but agricultural is very limited. Polluted groundwaters: The groundwater is contaminated by acidity and salinity in coastal zone. Overuse/mismanagement of groundwater supplies: Management of groundwater is very limited due to lack of human and finance resources. Salt water intrusion: The coastal communes in Ninh Thuan province and the operation do salt at salt fields such as Quan The and Dam Vua Harmful algal blooms: The operation farmed fisheries and seafood in region such as Nai lagoon, Son Hai lagoon, An Hai commune and Phu Tho village, Dong Hai commune.

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism		X	Decision No. 23/2013/QD-TTg April 26, 2013 of the Prime Minister promulgating the Regulation on coordination of integrated management of natural resources and protection of the marine environment and islands; Decision No. 02/2014/QD-UBND January 7, 2014 of People's Committee of Ninh Thuan Province promulgating the regulation on the coordination of integrated management of natural resources and protection of the marine environment in Ninh Thuan province;
ICM Project/Program Office		X	Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Stakeholder Participation	X		No information available.
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan		X	ICM activities have not been deployed sufficiently. Ninh Thuan province has not yet developed the provincial ICM strategy/action plan. Not any existing related report on the implementation status of the coastal zone M&E system, and as yet there are many other important tools of ICM, such as zoning use, integrated environmental monitoring, management integrated information system or communication plan.
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed		X	• ICM programme of Ninh Thuan, period 2014 - 2020. • Surveys to collect data on current status of demand for natural coastal resources and environment of Ninh Thuan province. • Zoning the use of ICM of Ninh Thuan until 2020 and vision to 2030. • Conduct, assessments, mapping of wetland ecosystem, mangrove, unique ecosystems, areas with high biodiversity, spawning areas, species of priority for protection, invasive species in the coast of Ninh Thuan province. • Resource use and environmental protection planning for the coast of Ninh Thuan province, etc
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X		No information available.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	According to the Decision no. 45/QD-TTg dated 08 January 2014 of the Prime Minister on the approval of the National Biodiversity Conservation Planning to 2020 and vision to 2030, the categories of protected areas of Ninh Thuan province planning in 2020 and 2030 consists of 3 zones: Nui Chua National Park with an area of 29,865 ha; Phuoc Binh National Park with an area of 19,814 ha and one new of Dam Nai wetland biosphere reserve with an area of 700 ha that will be established. • Survey project on often hazardous diseases of shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) merchandised farming in Ninh Thuan and proposal on preventive/treatment measures (2013 - to now). • Research project on development of artificial fishing ground in Ninh Thuan to protect, restore and increase the aquatic resources (2011 - to now). • Research Project on scientific arguments for vulnerability assessment and climate change adaptation in the coast of Ninh Thuan province (is pending for approval). • Project on demonstration of sustainable management of coral reef in the coast of Ninh Hai district, Ninh Thuan province (2011 - to now). • Research project on the implication of artificial reproduction process of oyster in the estuarine of Ninh Thuan province (2014 - 2016). • Research to assess water resources in the Cai river basin and its capacity to contribute to provincial plan on socio-economic development until 2020 and vision and vision to 2030 (2012 to now). • Foreseeing the saline intrusion trend and recommending associated solutions for saline soil, surface water, ground water in the salt field Quan The, Ninh Thuan (2012 to now). • Research on wastewater treatment technology for anchovy processing in Ninh Thuan Province (2012 to now). • Wastewater treatment system in Ninh Hai district, Ning Phuoc and city of Phan Rang – Thap Cham (2009 to now)
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)		X		Zoning, conducting assessment, surveys, mapping.

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)	X
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	Conduct, assessments, mapping of wetland ecosystem, mangrove, unique ecosystems, areas with high biodiversity, spawning areas, species of priority for protection, invasive species in the coast of Ninh Thuan province • Management program to integrating coastal zoning in Ninh Thuan province, the period 2014 - 2020; • Partition to using to integrate coastal zoning in Ninh Thuan province until 2020 and orientation to 2030; • To investigate, evaluate and build map of ecosystem of wetland, mangroves, specific ecosystems, biodiversity region, spawning areas, the species of protect priority , harmful species to coastal zone in Ninh Thuan province; • Planning to use natural resource and protect environment of coastal zone in Ninh Thuan province; • Building database to serve management, biodiversity conservation of Nui Chua National Park in Ninh Thuan Province; • Researching scientific foundation for assessing coastal vulnerability and adapting climate change in Ninh Thuan province;
Restoration program(s)	X
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights	X

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)		X	Nui Chua National Park has area approximately 29.865 ha (land area: 22.513 ha and sea area: 7.352 ha) and located 2 districts: Ninh Hai, Thuan Bac. There are approximately 1,465 species of plants and 306 species of animals.
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X		No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X		No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up	X		No information available.
New or improved MPA management plan	X		No information available.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X		No information available.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)	X	No information available.
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X	No information available.
EAFM or similar management plan	X	No information available.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X	No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X	No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X	No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities	X	No information available.
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X	No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X	No information available.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X	No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X	No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X		No information available.
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management		X	Processing model of solid waste (incinerator Ecotech - Eco SH250) will be application at Thanh Hai commune, Ninh Hai district and Phuoc Dinh commune, Thuan Nam district, Ninh Thuan province; The Project to research to use sea brine in salt production to replace some chemicals in wastewater treatment industry; The system of gathering and treating of domestic wastewater in the districts and cities such as Pha Rang - Thap Cham, Ninh Hai and Ninh Phuoc.
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X		No information available.
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X		No information available.

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas		X	% of Households on centralized water supply: Rural areas – 83% % of Households without access to safe water supply: Rural areas – 17% % of Households on centralized sewerage system: Mainly concentrated in urban areas. % of Households on septic tanks or other on-site sanitation facility: Rural areas – 63% % of Households without access to safe sanitation: Rural areas – 37%
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices	X		No information available.
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X		No information available.

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities	X	No information available.
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community	X	No information available.
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms	X	No information available.
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X	No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X	No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X	No information available.
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation	X	No information available.
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X	No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X	No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X	No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X	No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)	X	No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.

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