Preah Sihanouk

Date of Profile Completion:

2014-2019

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	2,536.68 km²
Sea area (km²)	230 km²
Coastline (km)	119 km (subject for confirmation following recent delineation of boundaries)
Major river systems (names)	Kampong Som stream (Sre Ambel stream), Pi Phot stream (Andong Teok stream), Trapaing Rong stream, Stung Ta Tai (Ta Tai stream), Stung salmonthun, Stung Koh Poh (Koh Poh stream), Stung Me Toek, Stung Kep and Stung Russey
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	A. Sihanoukville Municipality (4 coastal Sangkats) • Sangkat 1, Sangkat 3, Sangkat 4, and Sangkat Koh Rong B. Prey Nop District (14 coastal communes) • Tet Trang commune, Ream, Or Ouk Heng, Boeng Taprom, Or Chrou, Prey Nop, Tol Tor Toueng, Angdoung Thmor, Sam Rong, Veal Reanh, Cheong Kor, Samarki, Toek Laork and Toek Thlar communes C. Stung Hav District (3 coastal communes) • Kampenh commune, Tomnop Rolok and Otress communes D. Kampong Seila Commune District (2 coastal communes) • Stung Chhay and Kampong Seila commune
Population (latest census)	199,044 (registered only)
Population growth rate (latest census)	6%, with density of 78.97 person/km²
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	1.95 :2.04 (Male: 97,242; Female: 101,802)
Average annual household income (latest census)	USD 900
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	• Agriculture: 72.30% • Industry: 8.5% • Service: 19.20%

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	• Mangrove forests: 135 km² • Coral reefs surrounding islands and headland (local name Poy): 11.98 km² • Seagrass: 13.6 km²
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	• Dang Peng Protected Area: 36.56 km2 • Kbal Chhay Protected Area: 62.07 km2 • National Park Conservation Area: 210 km2 • Coral reef protected area: 11.98 km2; seagrass: 13.60 km2 • Natural Resort Conservation Area of Thmor Roung located at Kampong Seila District • Natural Resort Conservation Area of O-Thom located at Kampong Seila District • Mangrove Protected Area: 135 km2 • Marine Fisheries Management Area: 340 km2 surrounding Koh Rong and Koh Rong Sanleum islands • Mangrove-Fisheries Resources Management Area of Prek Kampong Smach, Prey Nub District: 31.97 km2 Terrestrial Protected Area • Riem National Park: 210 km² • Bouk-kor National Park: 1400 km² (at Preah Sihanouk and Kampot Provinces) • Kbal Chhay watershed area: 62.07 km²
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	Sea snail, squid, shrimp, lobster, horseshoe crab, marine reptiles (tortoise, crocodile, turtle), fishes, marine mammals (dolphin, whale) and a kind of oyster species. • Seagrass species: Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea serrulata, Halodule pinifolia, H. uniinervis, Halophila decipiens, H. ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium and Thalassia hemprichii.
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Sea tortoises, marine crocodiles, seahorses and sea otters

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	One major flooding occurs every year between August to October in Kampong Seila and Prey Nob districts. • Drought has an impact on agriculture in Kampong Seila and Prey Nup districts.
Other natural threats and hazards	Coastal erosion during heavy rains which causes heavy sedimentation and siltation on coastal areas.
Other climate/man-made hazards
Man-made threats and hazards	• Coastal erosion: Magnitude of erosion varies from 3 to 5 m from 2007 to 2012 in Ochheauteal and O’tress Beach • Destructive fishing practices including dynamite fishing. • Wildlife hunting and coral reef destruction • Liquid and solid wastes discharge to coastal areas

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism	X	Decision Deka No. 074, November 2001; Coastal Development and Management Committee where ICM PMO serves as Secretariat
ICM Project/Program Office	X	PMO with corresponding staff established through Deka
Stakeholder Participation	X	Consultation process; Provincial line departments participate in decision making process
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan	X	Sihanoukville Coastal Strategy 2006 Coastal Strategy Implementation Plan 2008 Coastal Strategy Implementation Plan 2011 Draft Sustainable Development Plan
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed	X	Detailed work plan and budget approved through PCC meeting
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X	Environmental Profile 2009 State of the Coasts of Preah Sihanouk 2009

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	Coastal Strategy and Implementation Plans Coastal Use Zoning Plan Tourism Development Strategic Plan (2012-2020) Beach water monitoring program Solid waste management Fisheries and livelihoods management Habitat protection and management Marine Fisheries Management Areas CCA/DRRM Plan in Tomnop Rolok Community (Sangkat 1, Sihanoukville)
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	Coastal Use Zoning, MFMA (MPA)

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)		X	X	In Prek Kampong Smach MFMA, there are 39 mangrove forest species; 23 of them are trunk mangroves and 16 are species of vine mangroves Kampong Smach MFMA • Core Zone or Protected zone – covering 456 ha of mangrove area, which can be found in two locations; 1). Koh Kdam with 182 ha and 2). end of Cham Phou Khmao creek with 274 ha. • Buffer Zone or the Conservation Zone – covering 1,100 ha mangrove area • Multiple use zone – covering 1,641 ha mangrove area • 50 hectares of seagrass • 165 hectares of mudflat (Baseline Assessment report)
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X			No information available
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats		X		In the three zones of Prek Kampong Smach marine protected area, 39 mangrove forest species were discovered. 23 of them are trunk mangroves, and 16 are species of vine mangroves. It was observed that they are grown in clusters according to each species. Brugeria are the most abundant in each location. The average density of the mangrove is approximately6.3 trees per square meter and has a height of less than 30 meters. Amongst marine species, Cassidulamustelina appears to be the most plentiful among them, while Ellobiumaurisjudae and Crab are the least among their cluster. The average density of fishery resources under this mangrove forest area is approximately 51 organisms per square meter. Kampong Smach MFMA • Core Zone or Protected zone – covering 456 ha of mangrove area, which can be found in two locations; 1). Koh Kdam with 182 ha and 2). end of Cham Phou Khmao creek with 274 ha. • Buffer Zone or the Conservation Zone – covering 1,100 ha mangrove area • Multiple use zone – covering 1,641 ha mangrove area • 50 hectares of seagrass • 165 hectares of mudflat (Baseline Assessment report) Resources condition: average (Baseline METT report)
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X		• The MFMA is in the process of establishment. The establishment and declaration of KPS MFMA would promote sustainability of ecosystems and biodiversity preservation and promote eco-tourism. Potentially, in the future, the aim is to achieve IUCN Category VI (Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources), with the primary objective of linking to sustainable fishing with increased social and economic benefits and sustainable livelihoods. • Draft management plan for Kampong Smach MFMA developed.
Restoration program(s)		X		The Marine Fisheries Management Area is in the process of establishment.
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights	X	X		The establishment and declaration of KPS MFMA would promote sustainability of ecosystems and biodiversity preservation and promote eco-tourism. (NB: Aspirational 2019 scores only for this section, as this is a new/not yet established MPA)

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
				Focus site: Kampong Smach MFMA; End of project target: 10% increase in METT score
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)			X	Primary habitats in the MFMA (Source: Baseline METT report) • Mangrove - 1961 ha (base on CFi map) • Intertidal (e.g. sandy beaches, muddy creeks: 643 ha (based on CFi map) • Seagrass covered 2 ha (based on the survey report in 2014 by CORIN) Endangered species • Dolphin sp. • Mangrove horseshoe crab • Triangular-tail horseshoe crab • Green turtle • Hawksbill turtle • Dugong Kampong Smach MFMA - Size of marine protected area (ha): 33000 ha • Core Zone or Protected zone – covering 456 ha of mangrove area, which can be found in two locations; 1). Koh Kdam with 182 ha and 2). end of Cham Phou Khmao creek with 274 ha. • Buffer Zone or the Conservation Zone – covering 1,100 ha mangrove area • Multiple use zone – covering 1,641 ha mangrove area • The establishment and declaration of KPS MFMA would promote sustainability of ecosystems and biodiversity preservation and promote eco-tourism. Identified threats are overfishing and destructive fishing techniques and Mangrove clearing for land and for fish and crab aquaculture. Two most important threats in the MFMA 1. Overfishing and destructive fishing techniques 2. Mangrove clearing for land and for fish and crab aquaculture Nationally this is a priority site, hence the selection of the site to be an MFMA. Research by WG KSCFiA (2011) Biodiversity Study Report on Species of Mangrove & Biodiversity of Prek Kampong Smach MFMA has shown considerable variability within the site but overall, the resource conditions might currently be considered average.
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up			X	• A total of 27,257 people (5,177 families) live in 6 target communes (Toeuk Thla, Toeuk Loak, Samaki, Samrong, Andaung Thma, Tuol Totoeung) in Prey Nop District. • Fishing is the main source of income of the respondents (66.7%); 19.40% of them are into farming; 3.70% are civil servants or are employed with the government; 2.8% of them are merchants or are into selling/trading; 1.90% are motor-drivers; and 0.90% are boatbuilders/laborers • Average income of the people in Prek Kompong Smach Protected Area is 4,995 riels per person daily, which is above the national poverty line. It was observed however that majority of the people living within the Protected Area, are poor as substantiated by the low income of the respondents. • 77% of respondents felt a minimal decrease of field yield, whereas 11% viewed that there was a great depletion of fish produce in their areas. 5% indicated an increase in field harvest, while 7% thought their fish yield has been constant. • There is a lack of potable water supply in the protected area site. Insufficiency of income among households in the subject communes, as well as insufficient supplemental income. Found in the protected area site are dilapidated households, coupled with a fuel price increase and an absence of toilets. Finally, a lack of concrete roads are all critical challenges found within the MPA at the time project start-up. Source: Baseline assessment of Kampong Smach
MPA governance situation at project start-up		X		• Process is currently ongoing for legal establishment of MFMA. The MFMA is in the process of being gazetted. While this is still incomplete, it has been well-recognized by the national government with full support from the Fisheries Administration and Preah Sihanouk Provincial Governor. The proclamation has been drafted for the official signing of the Minister of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). It is expected to be legally gazetted by 2019. • Mechanisms include CFi bylaws/Community Fishing Area Agreement and National Fisheries laws
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up			X	The result of the consultation using the METT Score card shown that the overall scales was over the average (63%) for the year 2017. The Context got higher percentage (77%, 48 scores out of 76 adjusted scores) compare with other aspects of assessment level. Following by Input (64%), and then Planning (57%) and Process (50%). These score would show the current status of Prek Kampong Smarch MFMA management and used at the baseline for comparison with the next METT Score.
New or improved MPA management plan		X		• The Marine Fisheries Management Area (MFMA) is in the process of establishment. • Draft MFMA Management Plan was developed as part of the GEF/UNDP/ SDSSEA Scaling Up Project and as one of the requirements for the declaration of the MFMA
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X			The METT scorecard indicates results from 2017, while the focus of the MPA METT score card did not showcase improvement, but rather speculated how results could be improved in 2019.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
				Focus site: Koh Rong and Koh Rong Sanlem End of project target: 10% increase in the METT rating over baseline survey; 10% increase in the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE); At least 10% of fisher households benefitting from alternative livelihood; At least 25% increase in household income of fishers
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)			X	Research in between 2010 and 2012 showed that mean hard coral cover was approximately 20% around Koh Rong, and approximately 13% around Koh Rong Sanlem (KRS). Coral diversity is considered to be low throughout the entire archipelago, with a dominance of Porites and Diploastrea heliopora. Fish abundance is also low, in particular commercially valuable reef fish. The foremost indicator fish observed around KRS are snappers (Lutjanidae) (41%), butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae) (33%), parrotfish (Scaridae) (18%) and grouper (Serranidae) (7%). Fish are found in highest abundance in southwest and west Koh Rong. Discarded fishing nets dominate reefs, and have been found in almost every survey site surrounding KRS. Satellite imagery taken from January 2013 showed the presence of approximately 112ha mangrove on Koh Rong and 15ha on KRS. The largest continuous composition of mangrove habitat is found east of Koh Rong. Localised cutting of mangroves exist in certain areas, however the greatest threat to mangroves is expected to come from unsustainable coastal development. Transect surveys executed in 2013 suggest that total seagrass area in the KRA is 18ha, with a large seagrass bed in Daem Thkov (10ha). Species composition includes Halodule pinifolia, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoraides and Halophila minor, with Halodule pinifolia dominating composition. Major threats in the KRA to seagrass beds include destructive fishing practices and land-based pollution. There are 476 species of finfish, 20 species of crab, 42 species of gastropods and 24 species of bivalves that are found in Koh Rong archipelago. Many of these species are highly valued for commercial fisheries (Try 2003 as cited in Livelihood Assessment Report).
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X	X		Main targeted species: • Koh Rong Sanlem: “squid fishing” village (77% of fishermen practice squid fishing); Koh Toch and Prek Svay seems to focus on crab fishing (79 and 54%, respectively); Crab fishing still dominates in Daem Thkov yet squid and fish also play an important role (26 and 29% of fishermen). In total, crab fishing ranks first (45% of interviewed fishermen), squid second (33%), followed by fish (22%) • Fishing gears: squid lines dominate in KRS (86,5% or recorded fishermen), while Koh Toch uses mostly crab nets (79%) and Daem Thkov crab traps (48%) • Most common catches: Sepia sp.(squid) is the most common commercial catch; groupers, snappers and sweetlips are among the most valuable fish, as well as the blue swimmer crab. Subsistence catches include bream, paradise whiptails and rabbit fish. • Approximately 2,000 island inhabitants within the KRA depend heavily on fishing, particularly for crab and squid, with as many as 60-80% of people engaging in fishing and fishing related activities. Local perception on catch volume and quality are generally positive for commercial squid and crab catch, with over 50% of the KRA community surveyed in 2014 citing their catch to be ‘good’ or ‘very good’ (Leng et al 2015). Perceptions on finfish are not as optimistic, with only 25% of respondents citing their catch to be ‘good’ or ‘very good’ (Leng et al 2015) (as cited in the MFMA Plan). Main threats and issues: • Trawling boats • Destructive fishing practices (use of chemicals/poison) • Increase in # of fishermen from outside • Big boats with lamps (light fishing) • Conflicts with “foreigners” • Sand dredgers • Changes in weather patterns • Lack of/poor law enforcement • Lack of funding, human resources and technical support Source: Koh Rong Sociodemographic report
EAFM or similar management plan			X	• Management Plan for the Koh Rong Archipelago (2016-2020) developed. • The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) issued Proclamation No. 364 on 16 June 2016 declaring the official creation of the Marine Fisheries Management Area of Koh Rong Archipelago.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X			No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X			No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households			X	• Koh Rong commune constitute five villages including Koh Touch, Daem Thkov, Prek Svay, Sok San and Koh Rong Sanlem. • There were about135 households in 2014 compared to 540 households in 2016. There are 675 HH in 2017, which translates to about to 2590 people • A family a could earn around 1380 USD to 1980 USD annually from tourism-related jobs while tourism service provider could earn from 6000 USD to 12000 USD annually. Income from fishing ranged from 8452.50 USD to 19125 USD annually. Approximately 80 percent of this gross income are spent for gasoline, crew members and fishing equipment. • Literacy rate ranges from 50-77% in the 5 villages in Koh Rong. • Information system on safety at sea does not exist for fishing families and the general population as a whole. The access to information is very limited or totally unavailable. Source: Livelihood assessment report in Koh Rong/Koh Rong Sanlem
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities		X		Main livelihood in Koh Rong Archipelago 1) fishing and tourism service laborers 2) tourism service laborers and grocery selling 3) fishing and grocery selling 4) tourism service staff, government and food sellers 5) tourism service providers – guest house and food seller, and 6) integrated crop plantation • Lack of access to credit facilities/institutions is often cited as a major constraint to livelihood development • The livelihood assessment found that there is limited number of government and NGO initiatives in Koh Rong commune that are trying to develop opportunities for livelihood change or diversification. Livelihood initiatives in Koh Rong • Crab bank initiative introduced by FiA in 2010 and later on by FAO organization (completed). • Provision of access to livelihoods resources such as improvement of fisheries resources through conversation and co-management, improvement of access to micro-finance services, improvement of safety at sea, improvement of post-harvest fisheries, and diversification of off farm jobs. This initiative was supported by FAO-RFLP program (completed). • Improvement of health care services by Provincial Department of Health (ongoing). • Improvement of education access by Provincial Department of Education (ongoing). • Building capacity of tourism services including hospitality, food hygiene, English training, and tourism standard. This initiative is supported by Provincial Department of Tourism and commune councils (ongoing). • Management plan for the Koh Rong Archipelago Marine Fisheries Management Areas 2016 to 2020 being implemented by FFI. • Private tourism operators (both national and foreign) approximately 102 places which greatly supports to engagement of young people employment (ongoing). Source: Livelihood assessment report in Koh Rong/Koh Rong Sanlem
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods			X	• The livelihood assessment report in Koh Rong Archipelago provided an analysis of the livelihood patterns and strategies of coastal families in Koh Rong Commune. The assessment also provided recommendations to improve livelihood opportunities in Koh Rong commune. Recommendations for improving livelihood in Koh Rong Commune are as follows. - Ecotourism initiative establishment should be targeted for livelihood diversification in order to increase income of the people. - Facilitate the capacity building on relevant tourism industry such as English language, safety driving manual of the boat, tourism hospitalization, standard of food and restaurant, tourism safety manual etc. - Facilitate the provision of land right and ownership legal instruments. - Establishment of conservation areas in order to protect and conserve marine resources for the purpose of tourism visits. - Coordinate to establish tourism boat port for community in order to avoid conflict with private groups. - Frequent follow up by both local and provincial government to strengthen the unity of the community especially community fisheries. - Improve the rural infrastructure in order to provide more easy access for visitors to crush in the commune. Specific recommendations for Koh Touch and Prek Svay villages Due to the advanced and matured tourism implementation in Koh Touch village since 2011, added value activities to tourism operation in the area may include: - Creation of tourism cooperative composed of boat and port management committee, tours operation committee, and income collection management committee. - Provision of capacity building to people to participate in tourism project. - Establishment of tourism supply chains including fishing groups and grocery selling shops in order to guarantee on time and safe food for tourists. • Building of community boat landing port Source: Livelihood assessment report for Koh Rong
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development		X		In support of the implementation of the MFMA Management Plan for Koh Rong Archipelago and as part of the GEF/UNDP SDSSEA Scaling Up Project, proposal for livelihood development/diversification in Koh Rong Commune will be developed based on recommendations of the livelihood assessment report.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X			No information.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X			No information.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
				Focus site: Sangkat 1, 2 & 4, Sihanoukville Municipality; End of project target: 250 households and 10 hotels/tourism facilities connected to sewage system; 50% reduction in annual BOD loading (20 MT) to coastal waters
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)			X	Population connected to sewer system and wastewater treatment plant (Sangkat 1, 2 &4) • 2011 – 1,233 • 2012 – 1,334 • 2013 – 1,442 • 2014 – 1,582 • 2015 – 1,750 • 2016 – 1,811 Population with septic tanks (Sihanoukville Municipality; number of households (HH)) • 2014 – 13,416 HH (out of 17,821) • 2015 – 14,337 HH (out of 17,020) • 2016 – 14,655 HH (out of 17,010) BOD loading from human population • 2014 – 3,028 mT/yr • 2015 – 3,257 mT/yr • 2016 – 3,324 mT/yr Source: Initial estimates of pollution loading in Sihanoukville using emission factors
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management			X	• The Department of Environment (DOE) developed a strategic work plan (2006–2010) for the environment, which includes management of solid and liquid wastes. The plan includes water quality monitoring, land and air quality assessment, public awareness on environmental impact of wastes including public health and capacity building of pollution management staff. Six staff are designated for pollution management under the DOE (SOC Report for Preah Sihanouk Province).
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas		X	X	The implementation of the Integrated Beach Environmental Monitoring Program (IBEMP), initiated in 2005, is one of the components of the Sihanoukville ICM Program. The IBEMP was designed to enable the province to monitor the water quality in major tourist beaches. As part of its implementation, the Sihanoukville Environment Laboratory was established in May 2005, which enabled the province to conduct regular monitoring of two tourist beaches (Occheauteal Beach and Independence Beach) for bathing water quality parameters. Monitoring and inspection of effluents from industries are also being conducted quarterly by the technical staff of the DOE. The Sihanoukville Environmental Monitoring Laboratory enables the monitoring of 10 water quality parameters for bathing beaches, including the following: • pH • Temperture • Salinity • Oil and Grease • Total suspended solids (TSS) • DO • BOD • Total phosphorous • Fecal coliform • Nitrates This monitoring is conducted twice a month since 2005, which show the parameters being recorded are within acceptable values, except TSS. (SOC Report of Preah Sihanouk Province) The Sihanoukville Environment Laboratory ceased operation since 2007. As part of the GEF/UNDP/SDSSEA Scaling Up Project, a proposal to rehabilitate SEL has been developed. (Rehabilitation Plan for Sihanoukville Environment Laboratory) A TOR and Contract has been issued with the Provincial Government of Preah Sihanouk for the rehabilitation and operationalization of Sihanoukville Lab.  (SOC)
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X			No information available.

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas		X	• In 2001, three wells in Sihanoukville were sampled and tested for potability. Iron concentrations from the three wells were determined to be higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline. One well was also tested with higher nitrate concentration than the prescribed guideline. All the other parameters were within the WHO prescribed guideline for drinking water. Results of the drinking water analysis conducted in Anco Company and Boeng Prek Trop in May 2009 also indicated that the parameters tested were all within the set criteria of the WHO. Although the analysis of wells from different sites in Sihanoukville for drinking water quality was done on a one-time basis, the values can serve as baseline values or benchmarks for future monitoring (SOC Report for Preah Sihanouk Province). • In 1998, only 25 percent of households in Preah Sihanouk have access to sanitary toilets. Although access to sanitation is increasing from 1998-2008, about 50 percent of the population still lacks access to sanitary facilities (SOC Report for Preah Sihanouk Province).
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices		X	Although there is some progress in the access to sanitation, a large percentage (>50%) of the population still lack access to this basic service. The implementation of the revolving fund project should be sustained and scaled up as one of the concrete steps in addressing this concern. On the other hand, there is significant progress in terms of sewerage connection in the province with about 50 percent of the households being served by the facility. The province should endeavor, however, to establish a regular monitoring of the discharges from the facility to determine if the quality of the effluents is safe for discharging into the coastal waters. Capacity development and education of the wastewater treatment facility operators should also be considered. Currently, the monitoring is not done on a regular basis. (Recommendations from the SOC Report for Preah Sihanouk Province)
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X		No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
				(Implementation of EUF in Koh Rong Island)
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)			X	Initial assessment of tourist profile and boat operators in Koh Rong Island: • Tourist feature: 60% of tourist arrival likes tour to the islands likely Koh Rong , Kong Rong Sanloem, Koh Tas. The most popular boat pier for tour boat is Ochheauteal Boat Pier. • Number of boat piers: 9 locations 1. Ochheauteal 2. Royal pier (Ou Vietnam) 3. Pier in front of Kamsab (Mlob Chhrey) 4. Koh Rong pier Dive center 5. Ot’ress II 6. Luck Dream pier 7. 52 pier 8. Koh Preab pier 9. Old pier in Sihanoukville port • Type of boat tour: There are four type of boats tour 1. Large size: there are 16 operators with 23 boats 2. Small size: there are 39 operators with 47 boats 3. High speed boat: there are 8 operators with 17 boats 4. Motor boat: there are 7 operators with 22 motor boats Total: 70 operators with 109 boats Data from Preah Sihanouk ICM PMO
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X			No information.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)		X		On going consultations on the implementation of $3 EUF in Koh Rong Island. The Ministry of Finance (MOF) sent a letter to the Provincial Government authorizing it to implement the EUF and collect $3 per tourist. From initial discussions, collection from the 1st two years of implementation will be given to the local government, after which all collection will go to MOF. The Province is still negotiating this aspect and will implement the EUF once this has been sorted out.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X			No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X			No information available.

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