Quang Nam Province

Date of Profile Completion:

December 30, 2017

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	Whole province: 10438.37 km², Coastal area: 1587.89 km² (in 2012)
Sea area (km²)	Interested coastal water area: ~1800 km²
Coastline (km)	125 km
Major river systems (names)	• Vu Gia River: 204 km. • Thu Bon river: watershed area: 10.350 km2, length: 198 km. • Truong Giang River located along the coast 70 km in length.
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	6 districts/cities, including Nui Thanh, Tam Ky, Thang Binh, Hoi An, Dien Ban, Duy Xuyen. There are 18 districts/cities in Quang Nam province.
Population (latest census)	1,450,100 pers.; coastal area: 847,600 pers. (in 2012)
Population growth rate (latest census)	0.87%
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	48.9%/51.1% (whole province in 2012)
Average annual household income (latest census)	26,209,000 VND
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	Total number of employers: 843700; worked in governmental agencies: 75900 (9%), in non-governmental agencies: 746100 (88.4%) and in foreign investment sector: 21700 (2.6%).

Ecological/Environmental:

Climate variation and change
Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	Mangrove, coral, sea grass in Cu Lao Cham, Hoi An City and An Hoa, Nui Thanh
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	Cu Lao Cham Island, Hoi An City
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	500 species, 30 species have economic value,
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	No information available.

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	Typhoons/severe tropical storms: 2-3 storms a year. Storms surges/flooding: 1-2 incidents recorded. Sea level rise: projected 0.8m in 2050 Drought: 1 time/year (in July)
Other natural threats and hazards	Coastal erosion: In 2 estuaries: Cua Dai and Cuu lo. Causing river bank erosion, loss of arable land.
Other climate/man-made hazards
Man-made threats and hazards	Oil spills (from sea-based or land-based sources): 2/2007(978 ton), 5/2009 (300 ton). Cause large impact to environment, coral, mangrove, sea grass, fisheries, and tourism. Overfishing/destructive fishing: Some people in coastal zone still use destructive fishing/overexploitation, especially in Truong Giang River and An Hoa Lagoon. Deforestation/land use: Destroy mangroves and coastal protection forest for aquaculture (shrimp), especially in Cua Lo estuary. Overexploitation/destructive use of habitats (mangroves; coral reefs; seagrass): Overexploitation, destructive fishing causes damage to coral reefs, mangroves, and sea grass in An Hoa lagoon, Nui Thanh district. Uncontrolled development of the coastline/conflicting uses: Conflicting uses between develop in industrial zone and local community about land use, pollution, resources. Polluted river discharges: Population in Vu Gia – Thu Bon river, caused by mining in upstream, byproduct of industrial work. Overuse/mismanagement of groundwater supplies: Polluted groundwater because of aquaculture (vannamei) Hypoxia/eutrophication of coastal waters: shrimp pool (Thang Binh, Nui Thanh district, Tam Ky city)

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism		X	From 2004 to 2008, Quang Nam implemented an ICM project supported and sponsored by MONRE. During this period, Quang Nam developed multi-sectoral coordinating mechanism, but it did not function effectively. Almost all activities of the project were conducted by consulting firms with no concern on the local participation and capacity building. They were more scientific research activities, rather than management supporting ones. Quang Nam has established Steering Committee and Coordinating Office on climate change response and one deputy director of DONRE is the Manager of this Office. There is adequate cooperation between DARD and DONRE and some other sectors in this field, although the multi-sectoral coordinating mechanism does not exist, in fact.
ICM Project/Program Office		X	Coordinating committee on integrated coastal zones management
Stakeholder Participation		X	The Provincial Sea and Island Management Agency (PSIMA) has now 7 staff. Although being as coordinating office for ICM parallel site of PEMSEA, it performs only the tasks of sea and island governmental management. Due to the inappropriate human resource use and development, the ICM in Quang Nam is still weak.
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan		X	Coastal strategy and ICM action plan for Quang Nam province were developed within the MONRE project, however, the organization mechanism and implementation schedule were not concerned with until later.
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed	X		On the financial aspect, Quang Nam does not have regular budget allocated to ICM. There is some budget provided for PSIMA to continue some survey/assessment works on coastal resources and environment, but still in passive way. The realization of these works does not even follow ICM approach. The Provincial Sea and Island Management Agency (PSIMA) has 7 staff. Although being as coordinating office for ICM parallel site of PEMSEA, it performs only the tasks of sea and island governmental management.
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X		The State of the Coasts or related monitoring and reporting system, as well as some important ICM tools, such as coastal use zoning, integrated environmental monitoring and IIMS has not been developed yet.

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification			X	Action plan on climate changes response for Quang Nam province (with support from Denmark). The plan has been approved but is being implemented slowly and passively due to the budget limitation. It is realized within the framework of DARD. There is a lack of multi-sectoral coordination and the cooperation is weak. Oil spill response plan for Quang Nam province (approved in early 2014). Cu Lao Cham conservation project (10/2003 đến 10/2006): was established based on the bilateral cooperation MOU between Vietnam and Denmark governments. After the project completed, the activity on Cu Lao Cham islands conservation was continuously supported by DANIDA until 2010. From 2011, the budget for the conservation activity includes the permanent source from Quang Nam province and the fee of environmental service at the site. There was mechanism for steering and coordinating the activities during the project time. However, it became weakened. At present, the management of the Conservation area shifted to Hoi An local Authority; thus, difficulties exist in coordinating and cooperating different stakeholders for solving many issues encountered. Wetland Alliance Program: started from 2007 up to now, with purpose to enhance local capacity on sustainable use and management of wetland, and create livelihood alternatives for local communities. The program is supported by SIDA with technical assistance from WWF, CORIN, Wordfish and AIT. In Quang Nam, the Program forces on the coastal mangrove forest, particularly at the Thu Bon River mouth area.
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)	X			No information available.

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)	X		No information available.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X		No information available.
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats	X		No information available.
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats		X	Cu Lao Cham conservation project (10/2003 đến 10/2006): was established based on the bilateral cooperation MOU between Vietnam and Denmark governments. After the project completed, the activity on Cu Lao Cham islands conservation was continuously supported by DANIDA until 2010. From 2011, the budget for the conservation activity includes the permanent source from Quang Nam province and the fee of environmental service at the site. There was mechanism for steering and coordinating the activities during the project time. However, it became weakened. At present, the management of the Conservation area shifted to Hoi An local Authority; thus, difficulties exist in coordinating and cooperating different stakeholders for solving many issues encountered.
Restoration program(s)	X		No information available.
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights	X		No information available.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of MPAs/MPA networks)	X		Cu Lao Cham Island, Hoi An City
Ecological, social and economic characteristics, significance and conditions of MPA/MPA Network at project start-up	X		No information available.
MPA governance situation at project start-up	X		No information available.
METT rating of management effectiveness of MPA at project start-up	X		No information available.
New or improved MPA management plan		X	Wetland Alliance Program: started from 2007 up to now, with purpose to enhance local capacity on sustainable use and management of wetland, and create livelihood alternatives for local communities. The program is supported by SIDA with technical assistance from WWF, CORIN, Wordfish and AIT. In Quang Nam, the Program forces on the coastal mangrove forest, particularly at the Thu Bon River mouth area.
Improvements recorded at priority MPA sites using METT indicators	X		No information available.

Fisheries Management:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Scoping (including areal extent of threatened fishing grounds covered by ICM/EAFM management plans)	X	No information available.
Baseline conditions for CPUE for important fish species (threats, risks, or vulnerability assessments of fishing ground; governance and socio-economic conditions)	X	No information available.
EAFM or similar management plan	X	No information available.
Evidence of measured increase in CPUE of 10% over baseline condition for important fish species using ICM/EAFM approach	X	No information available.
Socio-economic and ecological impacts and benefits derived from ICM/EAFM implementation (DSS models e.g., FISH DA, TURF)	X	No information available.
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households	X	No information available.
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities	X	No information available.
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X	No information available.
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X	No information available.
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X	No information available.
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X	No information available.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management	X	No information available.
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X	No information available.
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X	No information available.

Nutrient Management and Water Use Conservation:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Household survey of water supply, use and sanitation conditions in coastal and watershed areas		X	% of Households on centralized water supply: 92.33% % of Households without access to safe water supply: 7.67 % of Households on septic tanks or other on-site sanitation facility: 83.31% % of Households without access to safe sanitation: 17.69%
Feasibility assessment of improved access to safe and secure water supply and improved sanitation through technologies, operations and good management practices	X		No information available.
Evidence of socio-economic and environmental benefits	X		No information available.

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities	X		No information available.
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community		X	• Action plan on climate changes response for Quang Nam province (with support from Denmark). The plan has been approved but is being implemented slowly and passively due to the budget limitation. It is realized within the framework of DARD. There is a lack of multi-sectoral coordination and the cooperation is weak. • There exists Oil spill response plan for Quang Nam province (just approved in early 2014). • Response plan for oil spills in Quang Nam; Action Plan to adapt to climate change, Strategic on ICZM of Quang Nam
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms	X		No information available.
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.	X		No information available.
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan	X		No information available.
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X		No information available.
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation	X		No information available.
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X		No information available.
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X		No information available.

Innovative Economic and Investment Instruments to Rehabilitate and Sustain Coastal & Marine Ecosystem Services:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Profiles of local governments implementing ICM (including priority issues/areas requiring capital financing and investments)	X	No information available.
Project proposal/feasibility study for bankable investment projects	X	No information available.
Economic instruments and investment mechanisms (e.g., PES; PPP; licensing/user fee; green bonds; blue carbon; etc.)	X	No information available.
Evidence of increased investments and social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments	X	No information available.
Evidence of social, economic and ecological benefits and impacts from increased investments		No information available.

Photos

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