Semarang City

Date of Profile Completion:

February 2018

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	373.61
Sea area (km²)	100.49
Coastline (km)	26.36 km
Major river systems (names)	Total of 13 major river systems: River - Territory/Boundaries Kali Plumbon - Border Village and Mangunharjo Mangkang Kulon, District Monument Kali Bringin - in the Village Mangunharjo, District Monument Kali Manis - in the Village Randugarut, District Monument Kali Tapak - Karanganyar village border and Tugurejo, District Monument Kali Silandak - in the Village Tambakharjo, District of West Semarang Kali Banjir - Tawangmas village borders the District of West Kanal Barat - Semarang and Semarang District of Lor Village Stage North Kali Semarang - The District of Semarang Utara Kali Baru - The District of Semarang Utara Kali Banger - The District of Semarang Utara Kanal Timur - District of Semarang Utara border and Genuk Kali Tenggang - in the Village District of Kulon Terboyo Genuk Kali Sringin - in the Village of the District Wetan Terboyo Genuk Kali Babon - in the Village of the District Trimulyo Genuk
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	Total of 16 districts and 177 villages, with four coastal districts (Tugu, West Semarang, North Semarang, and Genuk), and fifteen coastal villages. North Semarang - Tanjungmas 324 ha - Bandarharjo 343 ha - Lor stage 123.47 ha - Tawangsari 209.2 ha West Semarang - Tambakharjo 375.83 ha Genuk Terboyo Kulon 285.4 ha Terboyo Wetan 127.5 ha Trimulyo 295.9 ha Mangkang Kulon 399.82 ha Mangunharjo 347.12 ha Mangkang Wetan 347.82 ha Tugu Randugarut 475.49 ha Karanganyar 223.7 ha Tugurejo 796.84 ha Jrakah 153.43 ha
Population (latest census)	Total: 1,584,906 (2014) In the 4 coastal districts: 413,460
Population growth rate (latest census)	0.97% (2014)
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	49.52% male and 50.48% female (2014) (in the four coastal districts)
Average annual household income (latest census)	Per capita income (2014): 15,895,162.59 rupiah
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census) Agriculture/fisheries Industry Services	GDP Percentage distribution by industry (2014; current prices) Primary sector: -Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries: 0.98% - Mining and quarrying: 0.20% Secondary sector: - manufacturing industry, electricity, water supply and construction: 54.97% Tertiary sector: - trade, hotels and restaurants, transport and communications, finance, leasing and business services and other services: 43.85%
	Source: Draft SOC Report of Semarang City, Indonesia

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	Key marine habitats in Semarang city includes the following: - Urban Forest (55.65 ha); Community forests (9535.29 ha); Production forest area (1917.3 ha); - Mangrove forest (68.13 ha) - Water catchment area (433 ha) Coastal city of Semarang is dominated by mangrove species Avicenia marina 2 Mangrove seedling density in the coastal area of Semarang: Around 8.610 ind/ha (DKP, 2015).
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	As set out in the Regulation of Semarang City Number 14 Year 2011 on Spatial Planning Semarang City Year 2011-2031 the existing protected areas in Semarang include: a. Region area below, namely the protection of areas with a slope> 40% spread in the southern region; b. Water catchment area with an area of approximately 433 ha inc eight (8) districts, namely Tembalang, Banyumanik, Gunungpati, Mijen, Ngaliyan, Gajahmungkur, South Semarang and Candisari; c. The local protected areas are the coastal border region, border rivers, reservoirs and border demarcation springs. The area of local protection that has been set in the city of Semarang, namely: 1. Natural coastal border area of 175 ha, including Kel. Mangkang Kulon, Ex. Mangunharjo, Ex. Mangkang Wetan, Ex. Randugarut and Kel. Tugurejo. Artificial coastal border reclaimed set 50 m from the shoreline include: Kel. Jerakah, Ex. Tambakharjo, Ex. Tawangsari, Ex. Tawangmas, Ex. Lor stage, Ex. Bandarharjo, Ex. Tanjung Mas and Kel. Terboyo Kulon; 2. Riverbanks includes major rivers and their tributaries in Semarang; 3. Border reservoirs, including Garang Jatibarang Reservoir and dam and reservoir border.
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	The coastal fisheries production data from 2010 to 2014: Year \| Production of Marine Fisheries (Kg) \| Inland Fisheries Production (Ton) \| Processed Fishery Production (Kg) - 2010: 292.629 \| 382.02 \| 7967 - 2011: 257.090 \| 1468.38 \| 10665.341 - 2012: 315.089 \| 1393.58 \| 10900.268 - 2013: 777.813 \| 1420.13 \| 12158.318 - 2014: 1042.157 \| 1438.35 \| 15193.820 Source: Department of Marine Fisheries, 2014 / Excerpt from Draft SOC Semarang
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Total of 97 fauna species, 2 protected species (bird species and fish species [Trachypleus gigas - Horshoe crab]
	Sources: -Draft SOC Report of Semarang City, Indonesia -Annex 3 of Report on National Training Workshop on Baseline R/VA and SOC

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change
Other natural threats and hazards	Natural hazards in Semarang: - In 2014, five (5) districts were flooded, namely Genuk, East Semarang, North Semarang, West Semarang, and Ngaliyan. The most extensive areas submerged were in the Tugu district, with an area of 520.725 ha. Although there were no casualties during the flood disaster in 2014, there were at least 1,367 households displaced in East Semarang. - 2015: flood (26 cases), landslides (123 cases), tornado (5 cases), houses collapsed (20 cases), fallen tree (6 cases), and fire (57 cases). The total estimated economic losses due to all the disasters that have occurred in 2015 amounted to ± Rp1.478.000.000
Other climate/man-made hazards	Mangrove conversion and degradation, coastal reclamation, coastal erosion, land subsidence, illegal logging, sedimentation (most of these hazards have led to extensive shoreline changes that are contributing to flooding in various areas)
Man-made threats and hazards	Pollution from: 1) Sanitation and Domestic Waste: in 2014, 1,312,427 people or 74.5% of population had access to sanitation facilities. 2) Urban Solid Waste Volume of waste generated by the city amounted to 360 tons/day. Declining Water Quality: - Based on field data from the Department of Marine and Fisheries (2015) it was noted that the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in sea water in the city of Semarang in general is under the threshold quality standards. Only 3 out of the 12 sampling locations had DO above the threshold quality standard for marine water quality (5 ppt based on Thresholds Quality Standards Appendix 3 LH decree No. 51 of 2004). - In the estuary, all 12 sampling stations showed DO values below the threshold quality standard for estuary water (4 ppt based on Thresholds Standard Quality PP 82 of 2001). - All the marine and estuary sampling stations had DO levels above the threshold standard in 2010. * Thresholds Quality Standards Appendix 3 LH decree No. 51 of 2004.
	Source: -Draft SOC Report of Semarang City, Indonesia

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism	X		There is an existing Mangrove Working Group in Semarang (KKMKS), which was established in 2010 through Semarang Mayor's Certificate no.0504/466 and the Regulation of Semarang City Number 23 Year 2011 on the Management of Coastal Areas. This working group, which is composed of representatives from different agencies and sectors including academe and NGOs, is tasked to set the policy direction and facilitate planning and implementation of management strategies for mangrove ecosystems and coastal environment in Semarang City, in coordination with the Regional Mangrove Working Group (KKMD) in Central Java Province. The scope of planning being done with the participation of related sectors include biophysical aspects and coastal protection, economic development through aquaculture, reducing impacts of disasters, protecting natural habitats and local birds, water supply and management, pollution and waste management. The KKMKS may be considered as coordinating mechanism for the ICM program.
ICM Project/Program Office	X		Pending further discussions; may be established at the Environmental Management Agency of Semarang City
Stakeholder Participation		X	Participation of various agencies and sectors in the coordinating mechanism and in the development planning processes in Semarang City
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan		X	- Long Term Development Plan of Semarang City 2005-2025 - Medium Term Plan for Semarang City 2016-2020 - Coastal Strategic Plan 2011-2031 for Semarang City in accordance with the mandate of Law No. 27, 2007 - Coastal Zone Management Action Plan for Semarang - Spatial Plan for Semarang 2011-2031 (Regulation of Semarang City No. 14 Year 2011) - Strategic Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands in Central Java Province (Governor Regulation No. 1 of 2011) - Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands in Central Java Province in 2014-2034 (submitted to legal adoption process)
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed			- Available in relation to the above plans. - In the Strategic Plan of the coastal area of Semarang, funding allocation for 2015 for habitat management was approximately 1 billion Rupiah for empowerment and approximately 1.5 billion Rupiah for the construction of a coastal belt for coastal protection
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X		Draft SOC Report of Semarang City prepared (in Bahasa)

ICM Management Processes:


	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification		X	- Mangrove ecosystem management plan 1 - Tourism development plan “Kampung Bahari” in Tambaklorok village, North Semarang district 2 - Infrastructure system development plan (waste water management system - such as sewerage systems; waste water disposal systems for hazardous and toxic materials, industrial and commercial activities; and wastewater disposal systems for domestic and communal facilities). The plan is supported by the budget control of water pollution and public service standards Environment Agency Semarang contained in Semarang Mayor Regulation No. 4, 2013.)
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)	X		- Spatial Plan for Semarang 2011-2031 on the management and use of land in coastal areas (Regulation of Semarang City No. 14 Year 2011) - Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands in Central Java Province in 2014-2034 (submitted to legal adoption process)
			Source: Draft SOC Report of Semarang City, Indonesia

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
		Pilot Site/s: Kecamatan (Subdistrict) Tugu, Kec. Genuk, Kec. Semarang Utara, Kec. Semarang Barat Target/s: __ hectares of mangrove rehabilitated and/or protected (to mitigate coastal erosion and protect the coastline)
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)	X	Mangrove cover in coastal subdistricts: 2 Genuk: 15.93 ha Tugu: 48.24 ha Semarang Barat: 3.96 ha Detailed project scoping/baseline assessment has yet to be initiated in the pilot sites (many secondary data are available which need to be consolidated)
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats	X	Annex 2 presents the changes in mangrove cover from 2010 to 2015 and the condition of the mangroves
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats	X	Annex 2 presents the changes in mangrove cover from 2010 to 2015 and the condition of the mangroves
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats	X	Plans to establish a mangrove conservation area in selected coastal village/s have been changing due to various planned coastal developments
Restoration program(s)	X	Various ongoing initiatives on coastal protection, restoration and mangrove rehabilitation including mangrove hybrid engineering
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) Examples: - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights
		Note: 1. Project initiation in Semarang has been delayed due to the changes in government policy related to the coastal management in Indonesia whereby most of the coastal management authority become provincial government mandate. There have also been changes in the leadership and staff of the Semarang City Environmental Agency. People who were initially in charge of activities with PEMSEA were promoted to different posts. The new person in-charge needed to be briefed about PEMSEA and the project, and then was also moved to a different office and has not been replaced yet. 2. Pilot sites and targets for habitat restoration also need to be reconfirmed in view of the above and other planned coastal developments in the city. Source: Draft SOC Report of Semarang City, Indonesia

Alternative Livelihood:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
			Pilot Site/s: Kecamatan Tugu, Kec. Genuk, Kec. Semarang Utara, Kec. Semarang Barat (villages) Target/s: Number or percentage of fishing households benefiting from alternative livelihood activities; percentage increase in income of beneficiaries of alternative livelihood programs See notes from previous table
Socio-economic assessment of fishing households		X	The work population as fishermen and pond farmer include: Kec. Tugu: 742 people Kec. Semarang Barat: 148 people Kec. Semarang Utara: 928 people Kec. Genuk: 75 people Total number of households (HH) in the priority sites: Kec. Tugu: 8.733 HH Kec. Genuk: 1.505 HH Kec. Semarang Utara: 15.434 HH Kec. Semarang Barat: 2.964 HH (BPS. 2015)
Livelihood development and implementation opportunities	X
Market assessment/sustainability analysis of alternative livelihoods	X
Pilot project proposal/action plan for livelihood development	X
Evidence of improvements in socio-economic conditions in fisher households	X
Case studies and policy briefs for scaling up and replication	X

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Indonesia

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