Sukabumi Regency

Date of Profile Completion:

October 2017

Profile

Geographic, Demographic Socioeconomic:


Land area (km²)	4,161 km²
Sea area (km²)	117 km x (4 miles x 1.6 km/mile) = 748.8 km²
Coastline (km)	117 km (0.14% of Indonesian coastline)
Major river systems (names)	Major river systems and watershed areas: • Cimandiri River System (90 km; 1,799 km²) • Tributaries: Cipelang, Citatih, Citarik, Cibodas and Cidadap • Cikaso (88 km; 866 km²) • Cikarang (31 km; 281 km²) • Ciletuh (45 km; 251 km²) • Cibuni (at the border line with Cianjur Regency)
Total number of coastal cities/ municipalities	9 coastal districts (out of 47 total) covering 141,1.33 km² Coastal Districts: Ciemas, Ciracap, Surade, Cibitung, Tegalbuleud, Simpenan, Cisolok, Cikakak, Palabuhanrantu
Population (latest census)	2,446,616 (2016)
Population growth rate (latest census)	0.47 (2016)
Male/Female ratio (latest census)	102.9 (2016)
Average annual household income (latest census)
Sectoral employment (percentage of total employment; latest census)
	Source: Kabupaten Sukabumi Dalam Angka 2017 (Sukabumi Regency in Figures 2017). Downloaded from https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/ (March 2017)

Ecological/Environmental:


Key Marine Habitats (Mangrove, Coral, Seagrass, etc.) (Areal coverage/habitat)	• Mangrove forest area of 0.45 km² in Cipanarikan estuaries and Pangumbahan coastal forest in Ciracap District • Coral reefs area of 0.013 km2 ha in Ciracap District, Surade District and Cisolok District • Seagrass area of 0.008 km2 in Ciracap District and Surade District • Estuaries, beaches • 9 sea turtle nesting areas in Ciemas District and Ciracap District
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas (Number of MPAs and total areal coverage)	• Pangumbahan Green Turtle Conservation Area - Established through Decree of Sukabumi Regent No. 639 (2008) regarding establishment of Pangumbahan Green Turtle Conservation Area as a conservation zone with status as a Coastal Park - Establishment of Pangumbahan and its surroundings as zone of wildlife protection/conservation zone (Pangumbahan Turtle Park-Turtle Centre) by Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affairs (December 2009) • Mangrove Conservation Area in Cikaso Estuary • Sukawayana Conservation Area in Palabuhanratu District, 0.465 km2 (Decree of Governor No. 83/1979)
Coastal fisheries (species/levels)	Fish production Landing at Fishery Port Nusantara Palabuhanratu Fish Production (Tons) 2012: 8846.5 2013: 7929.0 2014: 10357.0 2015: 9122.3 2016: 3839.1
Threatened or endangered species (protected species)	Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas as dominant species)
	Sources: - Kabupaten Sukabumi Dalam Angka 2017 (Sukabumi Regency in Figures 2017). Downloaded from https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/ (March 2017) - Annex 3 of Report on National Training Workshop on Baseline R/VA and SOC

Threats and Hazards to sustainable development of marine and coastal areas and ecosystems:


Climate variation and change	• In Year 2010 highest rainfall recorded at the monitoring center occurred in March with a rainfall of 777 mm and occurred for 29 days. While the smallest rainfall occurs in July amounted to 218 mm. • According to climate change research in the Oceanography Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, the coast in South Java Region will be affected more often with extreme high tide and storm. In the next 20 years (2030), sea level will rise 40 centimeters.
Other natural threats and hazards	• Potential disasters in Sukabumi Regency include floods, landslides, high tides, storms, tsunamis and earthquakes. • On May 2007, the coast of Palabuhanratu was affected by high tide, resulting to injuries to people, damage to properties and displacement of 1,079 people. • The coastline of Sukabumi Regency is part of South Java island, which has been specified as an earthquake-prone area by the Meteorology and Geophysics Board, being near the meeting point of two continental plates, the Indo Australia and Eurasia plates where Sumatera and Java islands are located.
Other climate/man-made hazards	• In the last 10 years, deforestation in the upstream of Palabuhanratu resulted in the loss of forest function, and in 2003, Palabuhanratu was struck by a big flood which affected most of Palabuhanratu sink.
Man-made threats and hazards	Pollution due to: • Solid wastes from hotel and domestic sources, tourism activities, coal powerplant • Wastewater from hotels and domestic sources, coal powerplant, mining activities • Oil spills from boat and port activities • Agricultural wastes (pesticide, fertilizer) Degradation of coastal and marine environment due to: • Deforestation • Land conversion • Gold mining, iron sand mining • Sedimentation • Coastal erosion • Coastal erosion affecting 0.018 km2 in Palabuhanratu District (2007) • Coastal damage caused by tidal wave that affected 20 ha in Surade District (2006) Management issues • Multiple-use conflicts • Lack of integrated planning

Status of ICM Implementation

ICM Coverage and Governance Indicators:


	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
ICM Coordinating Mechanism		X	Sukabumi District has established and institutionalized the ICM PCC (Programme Coordinating Committee) and the PMO (Program Management Office) through issuance of Sukabumi Regent Decree No. 214 of 2003 which was later revised by the Decree of the Regent No. 660.1 / Kep.56-BLH / 2008 and the latest by Decree of the Regent No. 660.1 / Kep.579 -BLH / 2014 in accordance with the development and changes in organizational structure and institutional arrangements in Sukabumi)
ICM Project/Program Office		X	PMO (Project Management Office) hosted by the Environmental Agency of Sukabumi Regency
Stakeholder Participation		X	Stakeholder participation in the PCC, PMO, and various consultation and planning workshops and implementation activities Community groups with active/direct involvement in the ICM implementation: - Team Arrangement and Preservation of the Gulf Coast Palabuhanratu (TP3TP) - Balawista (Lifeguard) - Community Green Circle (KLH) - Turtle Rescue Group - Mangrove Conservation Group - Community Group Supervisor (Pokmaswas) - Activator Tourism Group (Kompepar)
Coastal Strategy/Implementation Plan		X	- Strategic Plan for Integrated Coastal Management of Palabuhanratu Bay Sukabumi Regency (2004-2014; covered 4 Subdistricts of Cisolok, Cikakak, Simpenan, Palabuhanratu) - Strategic Plan for Coastal Zone and Small Islands (2014-2034; covering 9 Coastal Subdistricts, coastline 117 km and distance toward sea 4 miles; currently in review process by Bappeda due to change in authority to Provincial level in 2014) - Spatial Plan for Sukabumi Regency (2012-2032) - Spatial Plan for Strategic Coastal Area of Sukabumi Regency (2011-2014; covering 9 Coastal Subdistricts, coastline 117 km and distance toward sea 4 miles; not yet established by local regulation) - Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR) for 9 coastal Subdistricts of Sukabumi Regency (2014-2034; in the process of finalization and determining local regulations) - Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K) (under review process by province)
ICM Work Plan, Budget & Financing and Human Resources Committed		X	RPJMD (Medium-Term Development Plan) of Sukabumi Regency 2016-2021 and Annual Investment Plan integrates sustainable development of coastal and marine areas; with annual budget allocation for the coordination mechanism in the Environment Agency Capacity building program in coastal management (staff trained in ICM). Increasing financing from the private sector through the companies' CSR programs (e.g., to support sea turtle conservation, beach clean-up, tree planting, etc.)
M&E Mechanism (including SOC Reporting)	X	X	SOC report undergoing updating and validation Water quality Monitoring Programme

ICM Management Processes:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
Management Plan(s)* (e.g., CCA/DRR; habitat protection, restoration and management; water use/supply management; food security and livelihood management; pollution reduction and waste management; etc.) *at least 2 required for ICM Code Level 1 certification		X	X X X X	Management Plan for Coastal and Small Islands Strategic Environmental Management Plan for Sukabumi Regency (2014; covering 2016-2036) Regional Tourism Development Master Plan (2009) Disaster/Emergency response plan Citepus-Karang Hawu Building and Environment Plan (2008-present)
Tools applied at the ICM site (e.g., zoning/MSP; MPAs, EAFM, IRBM, others)			X	MPAs (Pangumbahan Green Turtle Conservation Area; Mangrove Conservation Area in Cikaso Estuary; Sukawayana Conservation Area in Palabuhanratu District) Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K)

Areal Extent, Health and Resiliency of Coastal and Marine Habitats:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
				Pilot Site: Sea Turtle Conservation Area in Pangumbahan, Ciracap Sub-district Target: Increased protection of sea turtle breeding area in Pelabuhanratu Bay through rehabilitation of at least 2 ha of coastal vegetation
Scoping (including areal extent of coastal and marine habitats)				Pangumbahan Beach in Ciracap Sub-district, is one of nine sea turtle nesting areas in Sukabumi regency. It is considered as the most important green turtle nesting area along the coast of Java, and one of the major nesting beaches in Indonesia. It was officially listed by IUCN in 2004 as one of three locations in Indonesia and among thirty other locations in the world that are considered as location index sites for green turtle population observation. The Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) is the symbol of Sukabumi Regency and inscribed in the Regency’s official logo. Studies conducted however showed extensive decline in sea turtle population in Pangumbahan due to turtle and egg utilization and habitat degradation. Various measures and legislations were implemented to protect the sea turtles and their habitat, including reducing and ultimately eliminating utilization of turtles and eggs other than for conservation, and transfer of management of the area from a third party to Sukabumi Regency. Pangumbahan Beach and its surroundings was designated as a conservation zone with the status of a Coastal Park by virtue of the Decree of Sukabumi Regent No. 523 /Kep.639-Dislutkan/2008. The conservation area has a coastline of about 2.3 km with a land area of about 115 hectares and sea area of about 1,566 hectares. This includes the sea turtle breeding area covering 58.43 hectares. The area was also established as a zone of wildlife protection/conservation zone (Pangumbahan Turtle Park-Turtle Centre) by the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affairs in December 2009.
				Subsequent development and adoption of a Coastal Use Zoning Plan for Sukabumi Regency 2012- 2032, through Local Act No. 22/2012, specified Pangumbahan as a sea turtle conservation zone. With funding support from the local and central governments, the Pangumbahan Coastal Park and Turtle Conservation Center was developed including a) the institutional mechanisms; b) public consultation and awareness activities; c) preparation of master plan for the conservation area (Annex 2); d) establishment of infrastructure (borders, gate, nesting and hatchling rooms, information center, offices, dormitories, etc.); e) management of sea turtles including applying natural and semi-natural techniques for turtle egg hatching, monitoring of sea turtle population, number of eggs, hatchlings and those released to the sea; f) protection and restoration of sea turtle habitat through restoration of coastal vegetation involving local communities and stakeholders; g) community empowerment and alternative livelihood programs to encourage people to switch from utilizing turtle eggs to protecting them; h) partnerships with private sector; and i) development of regulated eco-tourism in the area. In view of a new law in 2014 that transferred authority for marine and coastal management to the province, the West Java Provincial Government has been designated to manage the turtle conservation area.
Areal extent of damaged/degraded habitats				The coastal vegetation in Pangumbahan spans an approximately 30,000 m2 (3 ha). There are 66 species of plants, including 31 species of large trees, 12 species of small trees, and 23 species of herbaceous / bush / shrub in the area. The wild herbs in this region include 55 types, 8 of which have the possibility of being introduced by the residents as a cultivated plant (Roemantya, 2012). The primary coastal forest has been cleared, although remnants of pioneer plant species were able to grow and survive as secondary forest. The mixture of pioneer plant species and the types of shrubs and herbaceous weeds in the area indicate that this region has had disrupted ecological functions. Some species of plans also show the influence of men, including rehabilitation/planting activities without considering the type of native vegetation in the area, such as those that protect the area from disturbances and predators and make it suitable for turtles to nest and lay eggs. The growth of native plant species of various sizes indicate that these species have the ability to regenerate naturally. Monitoring and prevention of the entry of non-native vegetation will help the process of natural succession of the native coastal forest that make it suitable as sea turtle habitat. In addition to the growth of non-native vegetation and invasive species, other threats to the sea turtles and their habitat are the following: 1) Theft of sea turtle eggs by poachers; 2) Encroachment of the conservation area by some people for farming; 3) Potential impact of tourism development, with the area included in the government’s tourism development program (including building of infrastructure and establishments and increasing number of tourists); 4) Pollution especially solid waste
Areal extent of healthy and resilient habitats
Proposals/Action plans to restore damaged/degraded habitats				Recommendations from the baseline and risk vulnerability assessment report: 1. Rehabilitation of sea turtle habitat and surrounding areas through planting of appropriate coastal vegetation and preventing entry of non-native vegetation 2. Structuring of coastal tourism in Pangumbahan into ecotourism involving special interest groups with concern for nature and resource sustainability (not mass tourism) 3. Calculate the carrying capacity of the area for tourism activities considering potential disturbance to nesting sea turtles 4. Establish a core zone for the protection of turtles 5. Improve law enforcement 6. Continued programs on community economic empowerment (including alternative livelihood/diversification programs) to direct people away from hunting turtles and their eggs 7. Build and develop capacity and awareness of staff and surrounding communities on the concept of conservation and ecotourism
Restoration program(s)				Habitat Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Program: - Sea turtles population management through turtles adoption program or other programs - Rehabilitation of sea turtle habitat and surrounding areas through planting of coastal vegetation - Development and maintenance of supporting infrastructure - Developing ecotourism facilities - Continuing technical guidance/ training, institutional strengthening and community empowerment - Strengthening partnership arrangements with private sector, universities/academe, and central and provincial governments
Benefits (social, economic, ecological) - Addressing/reducing CCA/DRR risks - Harmonizing access to marine space by established economic sectors - Assessing costs and benefits to clearly understand socio-economic and ecological trade-offs - Extending governance principles to be more inclusive to weaker disadvantaged sector, addressing issues of tenure and use-based access rights				Benefits/impacts of further habitat restoration and biodiversity conservation efforts will be assessed later in the project.

Pollution Reduction:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
			Pilot Sites: Cipalabuhan River and Cipanyairan River in Palabuhanratu Sub-district Target/s: a) Pollution reduction and waste management implementation and investment plan developed and adopted b) Water quality monitoring program in priority river and coastal area established
Profiles of pilot river basin/coastal areas (including areal extent of priority river basins/coastal areas covered by ICM/IWRM management plans)		X	Cipalabuhan River and Cipanyairan River are small rivers that flow across Palabuhanratu Subdistrict (see Annex 4). The flow of water depends on the season; heavy flow in the rainy season and light flow in the dry season. Both Cipalabuhan and Cipanyairan Rivers have no special use such as for fishing, aquaculture, or tourism activities. In Cipalabuhan River, the people use river water for washing laundry [upstream and in the center of river]. However, surrounding communities dispose their waste into the river. Cipalabuhan River Water from upstream of Cipalabuhan River is used as a source of drinking water. River water is also used to irrigate agricultural land around the river, through a water distribution pipeline built to channel water into the rice fields and housing areas. Cipanyairan River The upstream of Cipanyairan River is surrounded by a paddy field area. During the rainy season, paddy field discharge overflows into the river (and eventually is discharged to Palabuharanratu Bay) and causes sedimentation.
Project proposal/action plan for an integrated river basin and coastal area focusing on pollution prevention and management and/or water resource conservation, protection and management	X		To be developed as part of the project
Water quality monitoring in priority rivers/coastal areas	X		Cipalabuhan and Cipanyairan Rivers do not have specific water quality monitoring regulations set by the local government. Based on Government Regulation No. 82/2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control, Article 55 states that “if a water source's quality has not been determined, then the water source should meet the Class II water quality criteria.” For the purpose of the BRVA, water quality sampling and field observations were conducted on 13 – 14 July 2017 in four (4) sampling points in the River of Cipalabuhan and 3 sampling points in the river of Cipanyairan comprising upstream, middle and downstream of the rivers (see Annex 5 for results, which could also serve as baseline data).
Evidence of reduced pollutant discharges and water resource conservation, protection and use management	X

Preparedness and Capability to Respond to Natural and Man-made Hazards:


	NOT YET IN PLACE	ONGOING DEV'T	IN PLACE	SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION/ REMARKS
				Pilot Site: Palabuhanratu Sub-district Targets: a) Level of preparedness for hazards: CCA/DRRM plan, early warning system and capable institutional mechanism in place and functioning effectively b) Degree of vulnerability to hazards: 1) 5% of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones; 2) 100% of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations
Profiles of highly vulnerable coastal communities		X		Generally, Sukabumi Regency is considered as one of the disaster-prone districts in Indonesia. Existing and potential hazards in Sukabumi include: coastal erosion, tsunami, floods, earthquake, typhoons, sea level rise, landslide, fire. Disaster risk assessment has shown that there are 236 villages with a high risk of multi-level disasters, 119 villages with a moderate risk level and there are only 14 villages with a low risk level. Palabuhanratu is one of the 14 coastal subdistricts of Sukabumi. The ongoing baseline assessment will look at the specific vulnerabilities of coastal villages in Palabuhanratu.
Proposal/management action plan for CCA/DRRM-focused ICM pilot demonstration project for highly vulnerable coastal area/community			X	The Sukabumi District Disaster Management Agency (BPBD Sukabumi) is the main agency responsible for disaster management, including establishment of policies that include prevention and mitigation, preparedness, emergency response, rehabilitation and reconstruction. It coordinates implementation of disaster management together with the departments of health, social services, highways, forestry, marine and fisheries, communication and information technology, agriculture, etc. in accordance with their respective authorities Sukabumi has a Disaster Management Plan (2013-2018) Early warning systems have been established in 7 areas in Sukabumi. Evacuation routes have been established in 25 areas along the 117 km coastline of Sukabumi Signs/evacuation signs have been established in 25 areas in 9 subdistricts. Specific disaster preparedness and response mechanisms in place in Palabuhanratu Subdistrict will be confirmed in the baseline assessment.
CCA/DRRM Plans, early warning systems and institutional mechanisms			X	Multi-hazard maps showing various levels of threat are available for Sukabumi Regency covering drought, extreme weather, flooding and inundation, abrasion (erosion), earthquake, landslide, tsunami, volcanic eruption and fire. Maps considering physical, environmental, economic and social vulnerabilities and the level of capacity of villages to respond to disasters are also available. Based on the threats, vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities, the risk of specific disasters have been identified. For Palabuhanratu District, for example, the risk of tsunami is high considering its high threat level for tsunami, moderate to high level of vulnerability, and very capacity of coastal villages to respond to disasters. Areas to affected by tsunami with a height of 12.5 m above sea level were identified. Level of risk for other hazards in Palabuhanratu Subdistrict and coastal villages being confirmed
Trainings on vulnerability assessment, mapping etc.		X		Preparation of specific or more detailed DRRM plan for Palabuhanratu Subdistrict being confirmed
Policy/financial commitment in support of action plan		X		Various ongoing efforts related to: - Socialization of disaster prone areas, disaster preparedness and disaster management to the public (including communities and schools), and through booklets, leaflets, alert posters, radio spots and disaster alert - Establishment of SOPs for disaster management - Establishment of quick response team and standby unit - Disaster preparation of personnel - Installation of warning signs of tsunami hazard
Impacts/benefits derived (socio-economic, public awareness, reduced risk, improved resiliency)	X
Case studies, good practices, climate smart policies and legislation		X
Investments in climate change adaptation measures (including hard and soft engineering solutions)		X
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas relocated away from hazard zones (Project target: 5%)	X			To be confirmed
Percentage of households in highly vulnerable coastal areas provided with evacuation routes and safe refuge locations (Project target: 100%)	X
				Source: Baseline and Risk Vulnerability Assessment: CCA-DRR in Pelabuhanratu, Sukabumi

Photos

Indonesia

Search form