Pollution Reduction and Waste Management

FAO estimates that 79 percent of fisheries are either fully exploited, overexploited or depleted, with only a small number having the chance to recover from depletion. Global marine capture fishery production has declined by 1.6 per cent from 2006 to 2011. During the same period, marine aquaculture production increased by 20.6 per cent. Overfishing and depletion of wild fishery stocks and increasing global demand for seafood from aquaculture determines that the role of mariculture in seafood supply will be critical in the years to come.

UNDP/GEF has provided assistance to countries bordering the Yellow Sea in support of their efforts to address among others the increasing trends of depleting fishery stocks, loss of coastal wetland, land and sea-based pollution and implementation of the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem Strategic Action Programme (YSLME SAP) adopted by China and RO Korea.

This paper examines the leakage of plastics and other pollutants into the ocean and the resulting impacts on marine ecosystems, human health and the economy. The paper comments on the kind of regenerative global industry that needs to be built, as well as integrated solutions to reduce all pollutants to the ocean.

The role of science-based targets for measuring progress on ocean pollution are considered in a constellation of ocean pollution solutions.

This playbook builds on insights from previous reports by Ocean Conservancy’s Trash Free Seas Alliance to develop an action-led response focused on the most systemic challenges and the most critical countries.

Of the 8,300 million tonnes of plastic produced from 1950 to 2015, only 7% has been recycled while more than half has been discarded in landfill or leaked into the environment. Companies, organisations, and governments are taking measures to tackle plastic pollution. However, there is currently no standard methodology to measure the extent of the plastic problem. This report provides a review of existing and emerging methodologies to identify the abundance, distribution, types, sources, pathways and sinks of plastic pollution at different scales.

Cy Jones of the World Resources Institute (WRI) developed a set of preliminary recommendations for strategies and tools for use in the restoration of Manila Bay. This report presents a brief introduction to Manila Bay issues and the application of lessons learned from other international experience.

This document is composed of two companion papers, the Framework for National Legislation on Marine Pollution Prevention and Management for East Asian Countries and Guidelines for National Marine Pollution Legislation for East Asian Countries. The Framework provides the features and obligations of international instruments, while the Guidelines provide the structure for and approach to national legislation.

<p>Water scarcity and water pollution pose a critical challenge in many developing countries. In urban areas, it is becoming difficult for the authorities to manage water supply and wastewater. Strategies for water and wastewater reuse can improve urban water management. This publication provides introductory guidelines for these strategies. The important aspects to minimize public health risks are identified.

<p>This report presents the findings and outcome of the refined risk assessment of Manila Bay which was undertaken by an inter-agency, multidisciplinary Technical Working Group (TWG) created by PEMSEA and DENR-MBEMP. The report was based to a large extent on the document, "Manila Bay: Initial Risk Assessment" which was published by PEMSEA and DENR in April 2001.

<p>The implementing rules and regulations of Clean Water Act of the Philippines.</p>